Violence in video games Essay Example for Free

Violence in video games Essay Ward, Michael R. Video Games and Adolescent Fighting. Journal of Law and Economics 53(2012): 611-28. JSTOR. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. http://www. jstor. org/stable/10. 1086/605509. There is a link between violence in the context of video games and violence affected by gamers outside of the context of gaming. Psychologists have studied the possible connections between violence depicted in the media and violent behaviors. The usual sources for violent portrayals are music lyrics, television scenes, and video/computer games. Young children spend an enormous amount of time consuming media. Media violence is having harmful effects on childrens development and behavior. The negative effects on violence in the media (specifically video games) outweigh the positive effects. Topic: Effects on violent video game playing on youth Thesis: Violent video games are affecting our youth in a negative way Revised Thesis: Violent video games increase violent behaviors in children but parents can become proactive to help fight this epidemic by engaging them in sports, academics, reading and games that require interpersonal activity. Mencius Man’s Nature Is Good David Suzuki The Sacred Balance. Averroes On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy Moses Maimonides The Guide for the Perplexed Tanya Sanchez ENG 1201 Professor Aldridge Outline Topic – Violence in video games Thesis: Violent video games increase violent behaviors in children but parents can become proactive to help fight this epidemic by engaging them in sports, academics, reading and games that require interpersonal activity. I. Video Games and Adolescent Fighting a. Violence in media b. The overestimated link between video games and violence c. Effects on youth II. Playing video games causes violence outside of gaming a. â€Å"Everything is connected to something else† b. David Suzuki’s The Sacred Balance c. Violence in games becomes violence in reality III. Parents becoming proactive engaging children in a. Sports b. Academics c. Reading IV. Alternatives that have not worked a. Limiting time b. â€Å"Blocking† certain things c. Removing equipment V. Mencius’ Man’s Nature is Good a. Kao Tzu b. â€Å"Blank state† c. Human nature responds to the forces around it VI. Conclusion a. Restate thesis b. Summarize main points Tanya Sanchez ENG 1201 Professor Aldridge Persuasive Research Paper Rough Draft. Effects of Violent Video Game-playing on Youth Technology advances every day in society. From mobile devices to laptops and computers, to microwaves and air conditioners, to televisions and internet, technology is everywhere. Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. A fast growing technological advancement today is video game systems. Video games are affecting our youth in various ways. Video-gaming is becoming an issue in society, especially the video games with violence exposed in them. Violent video games increase the violent behaviors in children, but parents can become proactive to help fight this epidemic by engaging their children in sports, academics, reading and games that require interpersonal activity. The first form of electronic gaming was computer games back in the 1960’s. These were developed by hobbyists who were associated with computer science programs at universities. The first video game consoles designed for home play developed in the mid-1970s. A video game console is an interactive entertainment computer or customized computer system that produces a video display signal which can be used with a display device (a television, monitor, etc. ) to display a video game. These consoles continued to increase in society and still are today. Advances and improvements in computer technology helped create more refined and realistic games. As the technology advanced, portrayals of social interactions, including violent interactions, have become increasingly more realistic. The violence in video games is affecting the youth in a negative way. Psychologists have found positive correlations between playing violent videogames and violent and antisocial attitudes stated Michael R. Ward from the University of Texas. They have not based this study on a particular sex, just on the actual video-game playing and aggression. Some have contacted policy makers to regulate the content and marketing of video games so as to curb violence, especially among children, which are more prone to it. The main concern is the connection between violence in the actual video games and violence implemented by gamers outside of the context of gaming. There is a parallel between violence in gaming and fighting. This however is further seen in gamers that play more hours daily (typically 4 or more) than those who don’t. Playing these violent video games can cause violence outside of the video gaming itself. Everything is connected to everything else as reinforced in David Suzuki’s, The Sacred Balance. This is reasonable to occur. It is not surprising that playing violent video games causes you to be violent. â€Å"People have always understood that we are deeply embedded in and dependent upon the natural world. † (427) This occurs naturally. We cannot change the natural order of the universe. Upon playing these violent video games daily for a predetermined length of time, in your head this becomes what seems to be reality. You are so accustomed to fighting and taking up violent activities in these games that in reality, this slowly becomes perfectly natural to you. Using video game consoles are not the only way one can access the violence. Other sources include the internet, televisions, smartphones, and many others. Parents can become proactive in trying to help stop this epidemic by doing some of the simplest things. Parents can start off my restricting time for their children in which they play these video games. Restricting time in which they spend playing is something very minor that can have a big outcome. Something parents should pay closer attention to is the ratings on these video games being played. There are various rating, some of which include; Early Childhood which means the content is intended for younger children, Everyone which means the content is generally suitable for all ages but may contain minimal cartoon, fantasy or mild violence and/or infrequent use of mild language, Teen which means the content is generally suitable for ages 13 and up and may contain violence, suggestive themes, crude humor, minimal blood, simulated gambling, and/or infrequent use of strong language. Mature which mean the content is generally suitable for ages 17 and up and may contain intense violence, blood and gore, sexual content and/or strong language, Adults Only which means the content is suitable only for adults ages 18 and up and may include prolonged scenes of intense violence, graphic sexual content and/or gambling with real currency and many other ratings. Can parents really trust these ratings? Another minor thing that can be done is â€Å"blocking† certain things that are flagged as inappropriate for your children. A downfall of doing this is that you can only control it when they are playing video games in your presence. Your child/children can easily go to a friend’s house where his/her friend doesn’t have blocked settings on specific things. This is a common way to get around it or avoiding the â€Å"My parents blocked it† situation. There are many alternatives that have not worked. Trying to limit or restrict the amount of time being devoted to playing these videogames has not seemed to be working. Removing the equipment (like the game console, computer, phone, etc. ) has not been functioning either. Some alternatives that may work instead of the disciplinary options are engaging your children in sports, academics, reading and games that require intrapersonal activity. Engaging your children in sports will not only promote a healthy lifestyle for your child/children, it will also keep them physically active. Being engaged in sports your child will adopt important values in life. Such important life lessons include self-confidence, goal setting and achieving, time management as well as patience, perseverance and determination. Your child will also learn the importance and benefits of teamwork. Helping your child focus more on academics might help solve this epidemic too. Trying to incorporate video games with learning or a way to help study can be very beneficial in the long run. Encouraging your child to read instead of playing video games can be difficult but maybe investing in a Kindle or any electronic similar to that which only focuses on reading could help. These devices have the look and feel of a game but in reality is enforcing reading, not violence. In Mencius’s Man’s Nature Is Good, he believed humans were inherently good and with the proper training could become perfect, however Hsun Tzu believed humans were inherently evil and required rites to keep them in check. In relation to the violence the children are exposed to in these video games, I think it makes most sense to believe in what Chinese philosopher, Kao Tzu believed in. He believed human nature was neither inherently good nor inherently evil but a â€Å"blank state† that could be conditioned in both directions. Kao stated, â€Å"The nature of things is like swirling water: channel it east and it flows east, channel it west and it flows west. † (95) He is comparing human nature to water. It doesn’t chose between good and evil just like water doesn’t choose between east and west. Mencius argued this claim but Kao Tzu retaliated by saying human nature is only responding to the forces around it. The influences of these video games become the â€Å"forces† around the youth in today’s society and have an impact on these children in the least expected ways. Between the actual video games and the gamer, the gamer seems to be the puzzled one. They may be so involved in the video game and the violence portrayed in it that they begin to lose some sense of reality and become what it is that they are playing. In Moses Maimonides’ The Guide for the Perplexed, the youth in society today is becoming â€Å"perplexed. † Being perplexed simply means you are puzzled or confused. Relating the video games is being misinterpreted and being related to reality when it shouldn’t be. From personal experience, I have witnessed this in my own household. Having two younger brothers both very involved in this â€Å"video game world† has brought this issue to my attention. One of my younger brothers isn’t very entertained by the violent video games but the older of the two is. He is at that age where video gaming is what he does on an everyday basis for hours. A lot of these games are violent and although he hasn’t physically been involved in any violent activities now, I just hope he isn’t involved in them in the future. One thing I have noticed is that he has been getting more aggressive in the sense that he’s becoming a little more disrespectful especially towards my parents. Maybe it’s because he is at the â€Å"teenage age† and going through puberty but something tells me it also has to do with the games he is playing. The fact that both my younger brothers are very involved in sports and one of the two is still very focused on the video games is insane. There has to be other alternatives for him not to be focusing so much on the violence he is playing. Consequently, the violence in video games is affecting our youth in a negative way. There is definitely a parallel between violence in video games and violence outside the video games. Parents can be the main helping hand in this epidemic by being proactive with their children. They can help find alternatives like engaging their children in things other than playing these video games. Even though some alternatives have not succeeded like restricting time, blocking certain things, removing equipment, etc. there are other powerful options that may have a more profound effect. Being involved in sports at a young age gives the youth many valuable lessons. Another thing is engaging your children in intrapersonal games or activities. Intrapersonal is a term used in education usually referring to multiple intelligences. Intrapersonal learners know how they work best and are usually self-motivated people. This violence in video gaming epidemic has to be more controlled if we don’t want our youth to become â€Å"what they are playing. † What would happen if society continues like this? Works Cited Averroes. On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy. Reading the World: Ideas ThatMatter.2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton , 2010. 391-96. Print. Maimonides, Moses. The Guide for the Perplexed. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2nded. New York: W. W. Norton , 2010. 397-401. Print. Mencius. Mans Nature Is Good. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2nd ed. New York:W. W. Norton , 2010. 94-99. Print. Suzuki, David. The Sacred Balance. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. By MichaelAustin. 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton , 2010. 427-34. Print. Ward, Michael R. Video Games and Adolescent Fighting. Journal of Law and Economics 53(2012): 611-28. JSTOR. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. http://www. jstor. org/stable/10. 1086/605509.

Concepts of Language and Cognitive Development

Concepts of Language and Cognitive Development 1. Introduction Language is a symbolic system in which a limited number of signals can be combined according to rules that can provide an infinite number of messages. An important milestone in human development is mastering some type of language. (Sigelman, Rider De George-Walker, 2013). Language is the primary method that adults pass on culturally valued models of thinking and problem solving to their children (Vygotsky, 1962). Basic language skills develop through the influence of parents, other adults, peers and even the media. 2. Language Development The nature vs. nurture debate continues into language development. One school of thought is that the environment contributes to learning. Children learn the words that they hear spoken by others-even when the words are not directly spoken to them (Floor Akhtar, 2006). The other school of thought by nativists who minimise the role of language environment and focus instead on the role of the child’s biologically programmed capacities to acquire language. Chomsky (2000) proposed that humans have a unique genetic capacity to learn language and are equipped with knowledge of a universal grammar, a system of common rules that enable any language to be learnt. Interactionists believe that both learning theorists (nurture) and nativists (nature) have merit. Children’s biologically based competencies and the language environment interact to shape the course of language development (Bloom, 1998) 3. Interaction between language and cognitive development Piaget proposed four major periods of cognitive development: the sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations stage and formal operations stage. The core message is that humans of different ages think in different ways. (Inhelder Piaget, 1958). During Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, birth to two years, infants use their senses and motor actions to explore and understand the world. According to Gervain Mehler (2010) newborns immediately have a preference for speech over non-speech in their native language. By 7 months, infants demonstrate word segmentation. From birth infants produce a wide array of sounds that will eventually develop into language (Waxman Lidz, 2006), with cooing being the first vocalisation milestone at 6-8weeks. Babbling starts to occur at 4-6 months which Piaget labels as primary circular reaction. (Lee, Davis MacNeilage, 2010). As infants attempt to master the semantics of language, they begin to understand many words before the can say them and begin to say their first real words or holophrases at around 1 year. Many children have a vocabulary spurt at around 18months of age and the pace of word learning quickens dramatically. (Bloom, 1998). Secondary circular reactions begin to occur, following with tertiary circular reactions becoming intentional from the start. Piaget proposed that the child’s construction of reality takes place through the use of schemes and by the end of the sensorimotor stage they are capable of using symbolic thought using images and words. (Piaget, 2002) Vygotsky (1962) maintained that cognitive development is shaped by the sociocultural context in which it occurs. It develops from children’s interactions with members of their culture. Problem solving is passed on from generation to generation through oral communication, especially as it is embodied in language, shapes thought. (Sigelman, Rider, De George-Walker, 2013). In Piaget’s preoperational stage, 2 to 7 years, young children use their symbolic thought to develop language, engage in pretend play and solve problems. They use words to talk about a problem and use categorisations which become the basis for language with each noun or verb representing a category. (Waxman, 2003). The next step in language development is telegraphic speech where toddlers begin to use a combination of two or three word sentences to express basic ideas. Between ages of 2-5 years children start to use sentences that are much longer and more grammatically complex. (Hoff, 2009). Children learn to phrase questions to solve problems and propel their cognitive growth. Throughout childhood and adolescence, advances in cognitive development are accompanied by advances in language and communication skills. Adults also refine the pragmatic use of language, adjusting it to different social and professional contexts. (Obler, 2005) 4. Multilingual Development According to Schwartz, Share, Leikin Kominski (2008), being bilingual or multilingual has benefits, as children have greater awareness of the underlying structure of language. Bilingual children are better understanding that words are symbols for objects and are better at applying grammatical rules. Bhargava Mendiratta (2007) purport that their study indicates that Indian children who are multilingual by mid-childhood are able to effectively use different languages in different contexts and participate well in the global economy. Swanson, Saez Gerber (2004) also states that children who speak more than one language score higher on cognitive ability and flexibility, and analytical reasoning, indicating that there are benefits of being bilingual. 5. Conclusion Developing a language competence is one of a human being’s earliest learning challenge. Language lays the foundation for further education and the acquisition of reading, writing and many other skills. Language development requires a child to be at the appropriate biological phases in an environment that is conducive to growth, with at least one conversational partner who is prepared to tailor the speech to the level of the child’s understanding to enhance cognitive development. References Bhargava, S., Mendiratta, A. (2006) Understanding language patterns of multilingual children (8-10 years) belonging to high socio-economic class. Social Science International, 22, 148-158. Bloom, L. (1998) Language acquisition in its developmental context. In D.Kuhn R. S. Sigler (Eds), W.Damon (editor-in-chief). Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol 2, cognition, perception and language (5th ed., pp. 309-370). New York: Wiley Chomsky, N. (2000) New horizons in the study of language and mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Floor, P. Akhtar, N. (2006) Can 18 month old infants learn words by listening in on conversations? Infancy, 9,327-329. Gervain, J. Mehler, J. (2010). Speech perception and language acquisition in the first year of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 191-218. Hoff, E. (2009) Language development. Belmont CA: Wadsworth. Inhelder, B. Piaget, J. (1958) The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence: An essay on the construction of formal operational structures. (A Parsons S. Milgram, Trans). New York: Basic Books. Lee, S.A., Davis, B. MacNeilage, P. (2010) Universal production patterns and ambient language influences in babbling: A cross-linguistic study of Korean and English learning infants. Journal of Child Language, 37, 293-318. Obler, L.K. (2005) Language in adulthood. In J. B. Gleason (Ed.) The development of language (6th Edn) Boston: Allyn Bacon. Piaget, J. (2002). The epigenetic system and the development of cognitive functions. In R.O. Gilmore, M, H. Johnson, Y, Munakata (Eds.). Brain development and cognition: A reader (2nd ed, pp. 29-35) Malden: Blackwell. Schwartz, M., Share, D.L., Leikin, M., Kominsky, E. (2008) On the benefits of bi-literacy: Just a head start in reading or specific orthographic insights? Reading and Writing, 21,905-927. Sigelman C.K., Rider, E.A., De George-Walker, L. (2013). Life Span: Human Development. Australian and New Zealand edition. CENGAGE. Swanson, H., Saez, L. Gerber, M. (2004) Literacy and cognitive functioning in bilingual and nonbilingual children t or not at risk for reading disabilities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 3-18. Vygotsky, L.S. (1962) Thought and Language. E Hanfmann G. Vakar, (Eds Trans.) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (Original work published in 1934) Waxman, S.R. (2003) Links between categorisation and naming: Origins and emergence in human infant. In D.H. Rakison L.M. Oakes (eds.) Early category and concept development: making sense of the blooming, bussing confusion (pp. 193-209). New York. Oxford University Press. Waxman, S.R. Lidz, J.L. (2006) Early word learning. . In D.Kuhn R. S. Siegler (Vol. Eds), W.Damon R Lerner (Eds). Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol 2, cognition, perception and language (6th ed., pp. 299-335). New York: Wiley

Essay --

No Jail Time for Big Bankers In the article â€Å"Why DOJ Deemed Bank Execs Too Big to Jail,† author Ted Kaufman reports how banking executives never serve jail time for their part in financial fraud. There are three main reasons that executives are not prosecuted: the American government is showing little effort in bringing the big corporation executives to justice, if the banks and executives are prosecuted, thousands of innocent people could be out of jobs, and the health of the financial industry may crumble. Mr. Kaufman wants his readers to understand that although the citizen’s deserve for these financial executives deserve to go to jail, over that past few years, it has been shown that not only that it hasn’t happened; it probably will not happen in the future either. Is it right that they can dodge going to prison for their greed and illegal activities, but a man who steals food from the grocery store to feed his hungry family serves years in prison? The answer is no, because some o f these banking executives have robbed the American people of their life savings and have put America’s banking system’s in a downward spiral with no real help by the government to help stop this and help bring the executives to justice. The American government has done very little to help in the efforts to bring these executive’s to justice. Congress didn’t oppose strengthening criminal enforcement of federal fraud laws regarding financial institutions after the 2009 financial crisis. They passed the House’s bill by a very large margin. The bill is called the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act. Even the Obama administration established a task force to oversee the investigations. Attorney General Eric Holder even said, â€Å"We will be relentless in our... ...ir jobs, their homes, and their financial stability. If the financial industry crumbles, it will be felt worldwide. When people lose their jobs, they are no longer to take out loans and make payments on the loans they already have. There is no money going into the banks. If the American financial institutions fail and the industry crumbles, stocks will plummet and businesses will close. So what’s the solution to the problem? Mr. Kaufman definitely is on to something. â€Å"Justice for All† should mean something. Why shouldn’t CEO’s be held accountable for their actions? If we continue to let them get away with it, they will continue to take their bonuses, cut corners, and not care that they are doing anything illegal, or at the very least, unethical. If we want to prevent the failing economy from happening again, we must stop these executives and hold them accountable.

The Use of Massage Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety Essay examples -

The Use of Massage Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM IV-TR) (APA, 2000), Anxiety Disorders can manifest in a number of different ways including Panic Attacks, Phobias, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety. Common threads of symptoms among these disorders include heighted autonomic response, shortness of breath, excessive worry, and of course anxiety. The treatment of Anxiety disorders has included Cognitive Behavior Therapy (Saavedra, Silverman, Morgan-Lopez, & Kurtines, 2010; White, Ollendick, Scahill, Oswald, & Albano, 2009), Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Wilde, 2008), and Pharmacological treatments such as benzodiazepines (Sher, 2009). Based on empirical support, many consider these treatments to be the first line of treatment of anxiety related disorders. However, there is a growing line of research of effectiveness of alternative treatments such as Massage Therapy (MT). The following is a brief review of the history of MT, an investigation of the physiology of how or why MT works, and finally an examination of the application of various Massage Therapies in the treatment of Anxiety Disorders. Brief History of Massage Therapy The application of massage to promote comfort and healing is not a new concept. According to Moyer, Rounds, and Hannum (2004) the practice of MT is traceable back to Ancient Greek and Chinese cultures, as well as Hindu, Japanese and Roman cultures. As early as 400 BC, Hippocrates used rubbing to treat patience with stiffness and even earlier still; the use of MT is recorded in the Chinese tradition as early as the second century (Field, 1998). Although considered a part of... ...ines and the treatment of anxiety disorders in patients with comorbid alcohol and/or drug abuse. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42(2), 170–171. Sherman, K. J., Ludman, E. J., Cook, A. J., Hawkes, R. J., Roy-Byrne, P. P., Bentley, S., Brooks, M. Z., et al. (2010). Effectiveness of therapeutic massage for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety, 27(5), 441–450. White, S. W., Ollendick, T., Scahill, L., Oswald, D., & Albano, A. M. (2009). Preliminary efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program for anxious youth with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(12), 1652–1662. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0801-9 Wilde, J. (2008). Rational-emotive behavioral interventions for children with anxiety problems. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 8(1), 133–141.

The Trajectory of ISIS: Political Discourse and Youth Agenda

Introduction The influence of Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) is spreading fast not only in the Middle East but also across the globe. The sophistication and intensity of the ISIS’s onslaughts to expand their territory has raised questions of how they manage to accomplish their missions in the recent past. Most studies on the problems facing Middle East have focused on the immediate issues and concerns related to radical Islamic groups; however, this research seeks to investigate the future of ISIS in the dimension of youth agenda. Studies have shown that majority of the youth in Islamic states believe that Islam should play a role in the political discourse (Motadel, 2014; Sarikil, 2010). Their demand, based on theory, is that states based on Islamic principles are more desirable than one with liberal approach to governance (Motadel, 2014). Although the youth desire to have states under strong Islamic principles, history indicates that youth put more importance to their ethnic and sectarian identities than to their national identity (Jung and Raudvere, 2008). The emerging problem, among other issues, in this scenario is that the imagined ideal Islamic state is in question because there is no single Islamic identity that everyone would agree upon. Therefore, one fundamental question arises, â€Å"what is this Islamic State being advanced by the ISIS and what is it practicality in the perspective of future political discourse?† We advance this question further and ask: What do the Muslim youth believe in the purely â€Å"Islamic State† and systemIs there any single Islamic ideology among the Muslim youthsIf yes, what are these ideologiesIf no, what are the conflicting differences and what do they mean for the future of ISIS? Reference Jung, D. and Raudvere, C. (2008). Religion, Politics, and Turkey’s EU Accession. NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Motadel ,D. (2014). â€Å"The Ancestors of ISIS,† The New York Times. 23 September 2014. Internet: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/24/opinion/the-ancestors-of-isis.html. Date accessed: 25 October 2014. Sarikil, Z. (2010). Curbing Kurdish ethno-nationalism in Turkey: an empirical assessment of pro-Islamic and socio-economic approaches. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 33(3): 533-553.

Education on Health Promotion Essay

â€Å"During an 18 month period, the researcher will design, implement and evaluate an HIV/AIDS health promotion program for inpatients in a non-profit hospital located in Los Angeles California. † The appropriateness of the applied research methodology is essential for the success of the research itself. In this section, we are going to review the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and formulate its application in the research subject. In the book of Creswell (2003 entitled, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches, Quantitative research approach deals on the systematic inclusion, observation and assessment of various events associated with numerical relationships. The researcher may compare groups on an independent variable to see it effect on dependent variable. Alternatively, the investigator may relate one or more independent variables to a dependent variable (p. 109). Qualitative procedures utilize various knowledge claims, strategies of inquiries and interventions of data collection and analysis. This approach relies on textual and imaginary data, and has unique systematic phases in data analysis and draw on diverse strategies of inquiry (p. 179). The above procedures are essentially appropriate in the whole study of the research. Numerical assessment is included especially in monitoring records, reading laboratory analysis as well as laboratory values that are obtained from the HIV/AIDS patient. The qualitative approach gathers textual data such as subjective and objective, which serves as one of the frameworks in health promotion planning. These data acts as the skeleton of the whole promotion plan.

Comparing Women in The Bell Jar and Enormous Changes at...

Exploitation of Women Exposed in The Bell Jar and Enormous Changes at the Last Minute In their manifesto, the Redstockings argued that the relationship between men and women was a class relationship, and that the men repressed and controlled the women. The women were objects, and the men owned them. They said that, as a class, women are exploited as sex objects, breeders, domestic servants, and cheap labor by the male class(Bloom, Takin it to the Streets, 486). Many of the women characters in The Bell Jar and Enormous Changes at the Last Minute give us examples of this repression and exploitation. In both The Bell Jar and Enormous Changes at the Last Minute, we often see women as being subordinate to men. For†¦show more content†¦However, because of her role as servant, it is perfectly acceptable for her to perform this task. The final aspect of the exploitation of women is their use as cheap labor. In Distance, the main character works as an afternoon cashier. This is among the jobs that are acceptable for women. In The Bell Jar, Esther does not know shorthand, so she could be a waitress or a typist(Plath, 103). Again, we see women restricted to certain roles. All of these jobs earn a low wage, and all of them put the woman in the position of serving others. None of these jobs carries with it any authority. Jobs associated with authority are reserved for men. As the Redstockings said in their manifesto, women are considered inferior beings, whose only purpose is to enhance mens lives(Bloom, 486). As a class, men exploit them for personal use, both economically and sexually. They do everything they can to keep women in an inferior position. This repression is so pervasive that it is even found in the language of the women themselves. Correcting this problem is not a matter of changing individual relationships within the society. As the manifesto says, the conflicts between individual men and women are political conflicts that can only be solved collectively(486). In order for things to improve, there must be some change in society at a baseShow MoreRelatedBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesmultiple brands and products, describe the context of building brands today, a context that involves a growing level of complexity. The remaining reasons reflect internal pressures that inhibit brand building. The fifth reason, the temptation to change a sound brand strategy, is particularly insidious because it is the management equivalent of shooting yourself in the foot. The sixth and seventh reasons, the organizational bias against innovation and the pressure to invest elsewhere, are special

Salem Witch Trials A Series Of Investigations And...

Raven Person Professor Fuentes Comp II 4 December 2016 Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials was a series of investigations and persecutions that led to nineteen so called â€Å"witches† to be convicted and hung and others to be imprisoned. It started June of 1692 and lasted until May 1693, in a Salem village in the Massachusetts bay colony which is now known as Danvers, Massachusetts. It involved the Puritan community of the Salem village, the nine-year-old daughter of the Reverend Samuel Parris her name was Elizabeth Parris, his eleven-year-old niece Abigail Williams, a friend of the girls eleven year old Ann Putnam, Parris’s slave Tituba, a homeless lady named Sarah Good, and an elderly lady name Sarah Osborn, the trial occurred when Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams fell sick and started having unusual spells that consisted of them yelling, throwing things, making strange noises and bending their bodies in strange positing and regular medicine could not cure them of these spells. They called a local minister to come and observe the young girls while they were having these unusual spells and he later diagnosed them will being â€Å"bewitched†. The Salem witch trials were a long year of trials, where there were three ladies being accused of witch craft, many accusations were made during the trial and ended with many people being convicted and hung while others were imprisoned. So, what exactly happened during the trial? During the time that these young girls wereShow MoreRelatedThe Witches : Salem Witch Trials Of 16922179 Words   |  9 PagesThis investigation will focus on the question: What role did Tituba s confession to be a witch start the mass hunt for the witches in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692? This investigation will include details on the events that occurred after Tituba’s confession in Salem during 1962 and 1963. It will also include a brief description of society at the time and what societal pressures may have led to this horrific time. The first source that will be evaluated in depth is Stacy Schiff’s bookRead MoreThe Crucible Irony Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesMiller uses it to prove points. The Crucible recounts the true story of the Salem Witch Trials, a frantic witch hunt in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Countless citizens were accused and hung, with many accusations fabricated purely out of distaste for one’s neighbor, acquaintance, or even friend. Miller uses the trials, which the participants intended to purify Salem, to underscore the imperfect nature of life and teach a series of lessons. By repeatedly contrasting expectations with reality, he usesRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial1494 Words   |  6 PagesFirst of all, I wanted to talk about what Salem Witch Trial is and who are the persons involve in this event. Salem Witch Trials, according to Encyclopedia Britannica is â€Å"A series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted â€Å"witches† to be hanged and many other many suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.† There are many people involve in Salem Witch Trials and I’ll be going to describe their role in this event, followed by the different case studiesRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe Crucible Author s Purpose In the town of Salem in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a mass of hysteria broke out. It all started in the spring of 1692, when a group of adolescent girls claimed the works of black magic within the village. This ultimately led to a â€Å"series of investigations and prosecutions that caused 19 convicted ‘witches’ to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned† (Salem witch trials 1). Sparked by interest over such a series of tragic event, Arthur Miller produced an originalRead More1692, Salem Massachusetts. We’Ve All Heard The Stories.2002 Words   |  9 Pages1692, Salem Massachusetts. We’ve all heard the stories. Learned about it in history classes: The Salem Witch Trials. Rather the allegation and trial of over 200 people in the town alone and countless others in the surrounding area. But, contrary to what we learned in History, the first accusation wasn’t in Salem. The first recorded witch was found in 1669, twenty-three years pri or in a little town known as Amesbury. The suspect was a woman named Susannah Martin, who was 44 at the time (Demos 1978)Read MoreEssay Witchcraft Portrayed in Films6180 Words   |  25 Pagesfictional witch - the evil, ugly crone, the wicked witch from Wizard of Oz, and its the image thats engraved into our culture as an association to the word witch. This caricature is what we see in drawings when one wants to reference Halloween, and the witch costumes we always see around that time are those of black capes and hats and warty green rubber noses. Barbara Creed identifies this image as the `phallic mother, motif perfectly illustrated in the long fingers and nose of a witch. (Grant