Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development Essay

Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development - Essay Example 'Innovation' has always been a word synonymous with Bill Gates. Even as a child, he would fiddle with software, improving on existing ones and writing his own. Before exploring his history of innovation, however, it would be more prudent to discuss what innovation is first. As already mentioned above, innovation is the one characteristic no entrepreneur would get very far without. Sticking to what works and what is known may allow one to get by and make some money, but the ones who truly make it big are those who are unafraid of challenging conventions and taking risks, and who manage to breathe new life into supposedly exhausted industries. In short, while a conservative approach to entrepreneurship may bring security, it is a more innovative approach that one would be more likely to experience success. That being said, it would be well worth defining exactly what innovation is supposed to be. It is said to be a way of encouraging customer value, which can be done either through meeting new needs or through meeting old, existing needs in new and different ways. From an entrepreneur's perspective, this is most often attained through the introduction of unique products, services, technologies or ideas to the market. What sets innovation apart from mere improvement is that it is more concerned with taking a new, unique and different approach to something, rather than just building on the usual approach. The current environment has evolved such that innovation has become a major, major catalyst for growth, as the greater ease of transportation and communication has made factor endowments and comparative advantage less important in the long run. Instead, argues Schumpeter (1943), companies such as Microsoft need to constantly revolutionize the economic structure, as can be seen from the constant innovation of their products and services. Heyne et al (2010) lend further credence to this statement, describing a pattern among entrepreneurs in which they constantly aim to satisfy customers by continually improving on the quality, durability, service and price of their products, using a combination of technology and organizational strategy

Pain Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pain Management - Term Paper Example It is not acceptable for patients to be left to experience pain without proper management from medical staff in a health facility (Hall-Lord & Larsson, 2006). It is also unacceptable for nurses to lack knowledge and skills to help patients manage their painful situations. It is a professional duty for nurses to be accountable to patients with regard to pain management. There have been calls in the nursing field to include pain management as a compulsory component of pre-nursing training programs so as to ensure all nurses are fully equipped with necessary skills that will enable them to manage their patient’s painful situations. This, if implemented will result in patients receiving high standards of pain assessment and management. It will also help reduce instances of unnecessary suffering from patients. Pain assessment is the first step in pain management and treatment. The main objectives of a successful pain assessment process should be aimed at reducing the pain that the patient is experiencing, increasing the patient’s comfort, improving the patient’s physical, physiological and psychological function as well as ensuring the patient is satisfied with the pain management process. It is not easy to measure and assess pain. Nurses have to be aware of various factors that can influence how the patient feels and how he or she expresses pain. Pain assessment and measurement involves a lot of issues that have to be approached with a lot of attention. Pain assessment involves the following steps.... There have been calls in the nursing field to include pain management as a compulsory component of pre-nursing training programs so as to ensure all nurses are fully equipped with necessary skills that will enable them manage their patient’s painful situations. This, if implemented will result in patients receiving high standards of pain assessment and management. It will also help reduce instances of unnecessary suffering from patients (Hall-Lord & Larsson, 2006) Pain assessment is the first step in pain management and treatment. The main objectives of a successful pain assessment process should be aimed at reducing the pain that the patient is experiencing, increasing the patient’s comfort, improving the patient’s physical, physiological and psychological function as well as ensuring the patient is satisfied with the pain management process. It is not easy to measure and asses pain (Hall-Lord & Larsson, 2006). Nurses have to be aware of various factors that can influence how the patient feels and how he or she expresses pain. Pain assessment and measurement involves a lot of issues that have to be approached with a lot of attention. Pain assessment involves the following steps; Overall appraisal of all the factors that could influence the patient’s expression of pain Comprehensively describing pain and the effect it has on body functions of the patients Determining the barriers that may affect the nurse’s ability to asses and manage the patient’s pain, such factors include; The nurse’s lack of adequate knowledge, skills and attitudes that are needed in order to effectively manage pain Poor documentation of the patient’s pain, its assessment, management as well as pain re-evaluation The age of the patient,

Electoral College System Essay Example for Free

Electoral College System Essay The Electoral College system is a part of the United States Constitution. It has been present since the creation of the nation. There has never been a United States presidential election not determined by the Electoral College system (Kuroda 127). In the first presidential election of 1789 George Washington was awarded 69 electoral votes to win his first term as the first president of the fledgling nation. The idea of eliminating what is seen as an archaic and unwieldy form of election has been considered for years, but what most politicians have found is that it is never easy to amend the United States Constitution, particularly in favor of an unknown. People believe they have a system, that while cumbersome and antiquated, still functions as the founding fathers intended it to do. With some of the founding fathers of the opinion that the average citizen was not well enough informed to make a logical or wise decision as to who should succeed to the highest office in the land, it was thought to be imminently better for a Congress to elect the president. When that idea was defeated, the proponents settled for having a group of unbound electors be sent to the capital each four years, and there decide for the people. Writing in the Federalist Papers, Alexander Hamilton said: It was desirable that the sense of the people should operate in the choice of the person to whom so important a trust was to be confided. This end will be answered by committing the right of making it, not to any pre-established body, but to men chosen by the people for the special purpose, and at the particular conjuncture. (par. 2) And still today, while the electors are faithful to the point that an unfaithful elector is an aberration, the fact remains that electors have options and can, if they wish, simply deny the will of the people (Archives. gov 1). Besides the fact that the nation has had presidential winners who did not win a majority of the popular vote, which in essence denies the will of the people, this system is maintained (Abbott and Levine 21). There is a need for, at the very least, a major over-haul of the system, and possibly a totally new approach, allowing for the direct election of the president by the popular vote of the American people. The arguments in favor of the Electoral College are specious today, particularly in regard to the people being informed enough to make a decision, and for that reason, as well as numerous others, the Electoral College should be discarded in favor of a system which better expresses the will of We the People. The present system has its advocates, and they make some good points in favor of not scraping the Electoral College. They rightly point out that such an act would not only be difficult, requiring a Constitutional amendment, necessitating a two-thirds majority of both house of Congress to agree, but also three-fourths of all the states would also have to acquiesce on the matter. They point out that in the past there have only been 27 amendments to this blueprint of government so well written by the nation’s founders. They also point out that some amendments have proven to be national disasters, such as Amendment 18. This system, they argue, has served the nation for over near 220 years and it simply is not wise to exchange a system which works for an unknown, which could result in chaos or even massive civil disturbance. It offers, they argue, both parity and equity to the smaller states, which would have virtually no voice in a direct election system. Then comes the question of what system would be better. There are several ideas being floated occasionally as trial balloons. The Congressional District method has been proposed. It comes with its own problems, however, and fails to address some of the more troubling aspects of the Electoral College system. This system proposes that each Congressional District be given one vote and allotting the two Senatorial votes as a bonus for the winner of the statewide popular vote. Maine and Nebraska currently use this method. First, this system does not correct one of the perceived flaws of the current system, which is the extraordinarily disproportionate weight given the vote of citizens of less populous states. Under the present system Wyoming is given one electoral vote per 165,000 citizens, while Texas is given one electoral vote per 652,000 citizens. This makes the vote of a Wyoming citizen worth four times that of a Texas citizen. Secondly the Congressional District proposal does not take into account the self-serving gerrymandering which tends to carve up American votes as if in a feudal system, making incumbents virtually bullet-proof, so to speak, and guaranteeing a vote for the party in power when the district was drawn. Frequently Joe Six-pack will grumble and insist that the election should be decided in a winner-take-all popular vote. This system, usually put forth as a â€Å"Direct Vote with Plurality Rule† has its good points and its bad. It harkens back to the days of the Greek city-states, when the citizens of Athens would all gather to directly vote for their candidate. Under this system the Electoral College would be eliminated, which would require the above-mentioned amendment to the United States Constitution, which could take years to effect. Simplistically, this system would award the presidency to the candidate with the most popular votes, irrespective of whether he or she garners a majority. This system would not prevent the spoiler-effect from occurring when third-party candidates dilute the vote of one major party candidate, allowing the other to move ahead in the popular vote. And, in theory, a wide field of candidates could dilute the vote to such an extent that a winner could be declared although only winning a small plurality, should the field be large enough. With this concern, and the necessity to amend the Constitution, there are surely better alternatives.

Study of Effect Rollings Process

Study of Effect Rollings Process 1.1 Introduction Aluminum composites are favored building material for car, aviation and Due to the elite demands, another sort of, supposed, innovative materials which are utilized as a part of air ship, rocket or car industry, for high voltage electrical links, need a decent mix of properties underling statics with elements stacking. One gathering of materialls thats could meeting suches necessities were metallizing composites witches comprise metallics lattice (metalling or combination) strengthened whist hairs or directional lying arranged strands auxiliary phases [1]. Presently days with the cutting edge improvement need of advancements of cutting edge building materials for different designing applications continues expanding. for meeting suches requests metal framework composite is one of solid source. Composite material is one of the solid answers for such requirement [2]. Those were an extraordinary improvement of one classes of composites with aluminum combination lattice best as knowing samespasmodically strengtmhened aluminum materials (DRA). These materials comprise of aluminum compound network fortified on artistic particales [1]. Through the course of analysts in late decades to discover contrasting options to customary building materials and supplant it consolidates light weight mechanical and physical details that empower these Material s work in various conditions with high proficiency has been the utilization of composite materials with a metal base and strengthened by various types of high mechanical particulars material materials .Aluminum framework composites for these highest quality to weighting proportion, minimal effort and highest wears resistance are broadly fabricated , utilized as a part of auxiliary applications alongside aviation and vehicle industry. Additionally a Straight forward and financially savvy strategy for assembling of the composites is exceptionally fundamental for extending those applications. Fortifications likes particulates alumina, silicon carbide, graphite, fly fiery debris and so on†¦ can without much of a stretch be joined in the dissolve utilizing shabby and broadly available[2]. A Composite material is shaped when at least two materials are consolidated on a naturally visible scale, So that the properties of composite are distinctive (typically better) from those of the individual constituents. Lattice is the materiales works to tie the fortifying material together with a specific end goal to make a composite material that can convey loads or stresses [3]. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) blends of pottery and metals (Primary Phase, for example, established carbides and different cermets that serves to Provides the mass type if parts on item made of the composite material, holding imbeddeds stage set up, generally encasing and regularly hiding it. At the point when a heap is connected, the lattice imparts the heap to the optional stage, now and again disfiguring so that the anxiety is basically conceived by the fortifying operator. While Reinforcings Phases (Secondaryes Phases) was the Functionfor fortify essential stage Imbeddeding stage is most generally one of the accompanying shapes, filaments, particles and Flakes [4]. Meaning of composite material, as indicated by Broutman and Krock, contained in publications [5] is as per the following: A composite material is shaped by a nearby blend of no less than two artificially and physically unmistakable materials which ought to stay isolated and particular while a decent and persistent interface between them is kept up; the strengthening segments in the entire volume of the lattice ought to be as uniform as could reasonably be expected. The vast majority of the Al-compounds utilized contain magnesium; this is on the grounds that lights, modest, financially practical possessesing great erosion resistances. utilization of TiC same a support offeres a highest softening points, to a great degree high hardness, is moderately reasonable and shows great wetting qualities by aluminum and its combinations [6] . The most critical prerequisite fluid metal to been drawing fired preform by capillaritys was wettings of the strongest substrates. fluid stage wets a strong when ÃŽ ¸b90 °. At the points where there is a decent wettings in a metal ceramic framework undeingr satisfactory states on temperatures. [6] Expansion highest modulus and high quality unmanageable molecule to the low malleable framework produces composite whose properties are in the middle of lattice and support. In this properties are enhanced by controlling the handling conditions, dispersion of support and relative sum, appropriate concoction organization, shape, estimate, etc.[7] Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are routinely manufactured utilizing diverse procedures, for example, powder metallurgy, press throwing, semi-strong mixing process. Mix throwing is thought to be best technique to get ready substantial amount of composites because of its preparing straightforwardness, adaptability and low cost [8]. Whats more, the optional procedure is metal shaping and which are an imperative assembling operation. It appreciates mechanical significance amongst variousing productions operationes because of its points of interest, for example, cost adequacy, improved mechanical properties, adaptable operations, higher profitability, significant material sparing. Materials were changed over into completed items however extraordinary assembling forms. Producing procedures were grouped into molding [casting], framing, joining, covering, partitioning, machining of altering materials property [9].Rollingwas one of forming process knew of fourteenth century. Leonardo da Vinci for moving golds ,silverwasplanned the main moving plants in 1480. By around 1600, lead and tin was icy moved by physically moving plants. In Europe, press bars were moved forsheets on eighteenth centuries. Afterward, the present day moving began from 1783 when England issued patent for utilizing notched moves to create the iron bars [10]. Forces and deformations during the hot. (Typically, recrystallization temperattures to materials range from 0.5 Tm to 0.8 Tm, when Tm was melting temperatture on materiales) and cold metal forming depend upon mechanical properties of processed materials, which in their turn depend upon the nature (chemical composition, structure) of metal as well as upon the deformation conditions (temperature, degree and rate of deformation)[11].And finally the relay process can be considered as composite materials have many features including: Prodect costs wasreduce. Composites may be made by a wide wide for prodection [12], Increment in yield quality , rigidity at room temperature or more while keeping up the base flexibility or rather sturdiness, Increases in crawl resistance at higher temperatures contrasted with for traditional compounds, increment in weakness quality, particularly at higher temperatures, Improvement warm stun resistance, Improvement erosion resistances ,Greater resistance to chemicals and weathering (not rust). Increases in Youngs moduelus, Redueses of warm elongationing. lighting weightes, performances at higherest temperattures, highest strengthen, lowest densities , betters wears [13]. While the Disadvantages the reinforcement of metals as: Composite was most breakthan wrought metals whats more, subsequently were all most effortlessly harmed. Thrown metals additionally have a tendency been weak, change of their mechanical properties and physical properties faster than traditional materials under different conditions, Age shorter than the age of traditional materials and itsthermal resistance is still low (despite the existence of studies of the existing experience in this regard, it is enough to say that the introduction the space shuttle is made of material composed, which bear the bulk of the resulting,chemicals harmful to the environment often cannot be remanufactured and hard to get rid of them[12]. 1-2 Aim of the Research: The main aim of this work lies on: 1- research aims to study effect rollings process to resist wears tear to using differents proportions of formingat differenes temperatures to reach the best values were obtained from which good mechanicall propertiess. 2- researches aims to producing composite materials using alumminum alloyed by vortex techniques disperse TiC particales in the lattice of alloyed containing 4.5 Mg. 3- research aim to study effects TiC contents sizes on micarostructure, densities, haradness weasr resistances of Al-Mg lattice compoisites were fabricated using casting method, below specific of Tic. In this study, it was important to have a fundamental understanding of mechanism effect of forming on wears Resistances of Al-Mg composites. 1-3 Objective of the Research Titanium carbide (TiC) powdering was picked as fortification due to its higher haradness (near jewel) than traditional routinely utilized support, for examples, SiC, Al2O3,†¦ and so forth. Composites of TiC particaulates in alumminum combinations have been effectively created by throwing methods. It has been exhibited that critical changes in firmness, quality, weariness break proliferation, crawl quality, wears resistances were accomplished as contrasted unreinforced aluminum compounds. Furthermore, they can likewise be molded by customary metals working procedures, for example, expulsion, producing, rolling or super plastic framing into complex auxiliary parts. Thus, theywere economical to create contrasted other metal grid composite frameworks. The comparative reports of used the Tic particles as the reinforced material are not available. This research area is still vacant and scope for work in this particular field. The made for TiC as a reinforcements offered a highest meltings points, was relative yes shows great wet qualities by aluminum and its combinations. AlMg/tic composite has the advantages be so lights metallic. And to study the effect of weight percentage of titanium carbide on mechanical behavior of aluminum metal matrix composite. 1-4 Thesis Layout This thesis includes in addition to the foreground and objective search for another six seasons, where Chapter II deals with the private theoretical side Special matrix aluminum- magnesium and Phase Diagram and its properties behavioral her addition to the overlapping materials and their properties The third chapter deals with the scientific research of mineral compounds and the effect of the minutes and specifications on the characteristics of behavioral article basically deals Chapter IV configuration process on the cold and their properties as well as the way the casting and The fifth chapter deals with the practical part of the way that sample preparation and tests related to research and Chapter VI deals with the results of tests that were made and discussed and the seventh and last chapter deals with the most important conclusions and recommendations.

Stereotypes In the Media :: Media Stereotypes Stereotyping

Stereotypes In the Media Stereotypes play an important role in today's society and particularly in Propaganda. According to the Webster's Dictionary stereotyping is defined as a fixed conventional notion or conception of an individual or group of people, heldby a number of people. Stereotypes can be basic or complex generalizations which people apply to individuals or groups based on their appearance, behaviour and beliefs. Stereotypes are found everywhere. Though our world seems to be improving in many ways it seems almost impossible to liberate it from stereotypes. Stereotypes have existed since the beginning of time in our everyday life through religion, politics and the media. Humans have the tendency to "use stereotypes in their humour, their descriptions of others, and even in their beliefs." One may believe it is possible to rid oneself of such habits; however if one looked at the regular promotions of propaganda, it would make this objective impossible. Stereotypes, however, aren't always negative; hence, this essay will discuss the negative and positive aspects of stereotypes used by propaganda. Propaganda is a force which can influence and affect everyone; bringing changes in behavior, attitudes and ones beliefs. It is also known that media impacts its viewersmodifying their judgments based on the information which they receive. Substantial amounts of stereotypes broadcasted through propaganda have similar effects. This essay will illustrate how stereotypes are generally portrayed and their function in propaganda. Also it will further r eveal how successful and well stereotypes can work when used in propaganda tactics. The media often uses and misrepresents stereotypes; however, they are significantly accepted by people among society. TV shows such as the Simpsons are packed with stereotypes within its broadcast of half an hour. The Simpsons contains a large number of audience that watch the show daily as it is broadcasted during prime time. Characters such as Apu are highly discriminated and stereotyped. On this show Apu is characterized as an Indian immigrant, who prays to Ganesh, and holds a highly noticeable and dissimilar accent. This is a stereotype which is observed by young children and is perceived as humorous; they apply this knowledge towards those they meet in real-life. Viewers of this show believe this information to be completely accurate for they hold little or no knowledge about that particular group. Though the stereotypes shown on TV are usually misrepresented, they are quite well accepted by the audience as the truth.

Strategic Leadership Essay example -- Business Management Studies

Strategic Leadership The only thing harder than being a strategic leader is trying to define the entire scope of strategic leadership a broad, difficult concept. We cannot always define it or describe it in every detail, but we recognize it in action. This type of leadership involves microscopic perceptions and macroscopic expectations. Volumes have been written on the subject, which may in fact contribute to the difficulty of grasping the concept. One finds confusing and sometimes conflicting information on this blended concept that involves the vagaries of strategy and the behavioral art of leadership. Sometimes the methods and models used to explain it are more complicated than the concept and practice of strategic leadership itself. Exercising this kind of leadership is complicated, but understanding it doesn’t have to be. Beginning with a definition and characterization of strategic leadership and then exploring components of the strategic environment may prove helpful. Future leaders must also recognize the nature of that environment. Finally, they should also have some familiarity with ways of developing competencies for dealing with the broad, new challenges that are part of leading in the strategic environment. What Is Strategic Leadership. The common usage of the term strategic is related to the concept of strategy—simply a plan of action for accomplishing a goal. One finds both broad and narrow senses of the adjective strategic. Narrowly, the term denotes operating directly against military or industrial installations of an enemy during the conduct of war with the intent of destroying his military potential. Today, strategic is used more often in its broader sense. Thus, we use it to relate something’s primary importance or its quintessential aspect for instance, the most advantageous, complex, difficult, or potentially damaging challenge to a nation, organization, culture, people, place, or object. When we recognize and use strategic in this broad sense, we append such meanings as the most important long-range planning, the most complex and profound decisions, and the most advantageous effects from a bombing campaign as well as leaders with the highest conceptual ability to make decisions. As mentioned earlier, strategy is a plan whose aim is to link ends, ways, and means. The difficult part involves t... ...e, again, to expand their perspective and increase their conceptual ability. In fact, many of them are experts in a number of unrelated fields. Becoming a dual expert helps one think in multiple dimensions. After committing to some or all of these development activities, potential leaders should reflect on each activity as a way of mining the total benefit and seeking greater meaning. They will also benefit from mentoring other leaders and being mentored themselves. When mentors share their experiences, they help others know and understand them. Conclusion The many components of the strategic-leadership environment challenge even the best leaders. The monumental consequences of strategic decisions call for individuals with unique performance abilities who can navigate the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity inherent in the nature of those decisions. Aspiring leaders can rise to the challenge by undergoing self-assessment and personal development. Accepting the demands of strategic leadership involves a transition from the art of the familiar to the art of the possible. This is the realm of strategic leadership and the strategic environment.

Bullying: Kids Will Be Kids Essay

â€Å"Kids will be kids. † Time and time again, this phrase has been used to dismiss the countless cases of bullying that take place in schools across the country. Such a carefree attitude towards a violent and brutal problem like bullying is a disturbing trend to see. Every year thousands of kids fall victim to schoolyard and online bulling. A child who has suffered from bullying is â€Å"2 to 9 times more likely to commit or attempt suicide† (Teen Health) and more often then not, cruelty from peers is a motivator for tragedies such as school shootings. These acts of torture among adolescents need to stop. Whether enforced in the home, at school or by the law, there needs to be consequences for students who participate in bullying their peers. Proposed Solution It is estimated that â€Å"1 out of 4 elementary-school bullies will have a criminal record by the time they are 30† (Teen Health). The behavior of most bullies is fueled by emotional or psychological problems. Some have been victim of violence or abuse in their home environment while others may suffer from low self-esteem and lack of self-worth. Regardless of the reason, these kids use bullying as form of coping with their own issues. It allows the child to synthesize the feelings of power and control; both of which most troubled children lack. Less extreme, but just as problematic, reasons for bullies to act out are the pressure to fit in with a certain peer group, the need to prove their â€Å"toughness† or â€Å"masculinity† and sometimes they will even lash out in response to have been bullied themselves. Since most bullying begins in the school setting, schools should recognize the responsibility they have in preventing and discouraging such behavior. As I mentioned before, bullying is usually a response to some psychological issue faced by the bully. A zero tolerance policy is essential to maintaining a safe learning environment for our youth. Kids who display ridicule towards their peers should be required to have a psychological analysis and attend a number of therapy sessions. If the problem continues, suspension and expulsion should be utilized as appropriate courses of disciplinary action. If caught cyber bullying, the child should lose computer privileges in school even if the bullying was committed outside of school property. Alternative schools should also be considered as an option or children who repeatedly display aggressive behavior towards their peers. Being a school created to manage behavioral problems, alternative schools provide a structured environment where the children are monitored closely and the staff is trained for dealing with deviant behavior. Tolerance should be taught in the home as well as in school. So, the responsibility of managing this problem should also lie in the hands of the parents. Up until the child reaches the age of 18, parents should also be held responsible for any bullying that their child may be participating in. In instances of multiple failed attempts by the school to handle the problem, parents should be required to step in as a mediator and work with the school. A parent who refuses to intervene with the school should be faced with legal ramifications. Perhaps when running the risk of being fined, parents might show more incentive to intervene when it comes to the behavior of their child. Monitoring their child’s Internet activity is a good way to identify and prevents cases of cyber bullying. In extreme cases of violence or physical threats, the law should be allowed to step in and get involved. Beating up a kid on the playground should be treated like a battery case. Instead of slapping the child with a few detentions, they, or their parents, should be forced to face criminal charges in court. In the case of suicides caused by bullying, the bully or their parents should be required to pay hefty fines and perhaps be sentenced to a stay in jail. Social networking sites, such as MySpace and Facebook, have created an increase in instances of cyber-bullying. By using these websites, bullies can create emotional chaos from the comfort of their own home. Cyber-bullying is usually particularly vicious because kids can hide their identity behind a screen name thus avoiding responsibility for their actions. Kids who are caught cyber-bulling should lose their computer privileges at school whether or not the incident took place on school grounds. In the case of physical threats and sexual harassment, the law should become involved in prosecuting the bully. Just because it falls under the category of bullying doesn’t mean it’s not illegal. Physical threats are illegal and shouldn’t be discredited on the basis of â€Å"kids will be kids. Conclusion Due to recent suicides committed by a number of gay teenagers, the issue of bullying has been pulled into the national spotlight. It is time to stop standing by and turning the other cheek. Our schools, parents and the law need to work together to create a violence free environment where all of our children can go to get an education. By strengthening existing disciplinary actions and adding new ones to the arsenal, we can curb the rate of bullying and avoid the devastating effects it has on our community and our youth.

High School Education in India

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA- HIGH SCHOOL In India, high school is a grade of education which includes Standards VII to X. Standards XI to XII called as Higher Secondary School or Senior Secondary School or Junior college. Some states refer to Standards IX and X as High School, while XI and XII are termed as Intermediate. Other states refer to VI, VII, VIII, IX and X (grades 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) as Secondary school and XI and XII (grades 11 and 12) as Senior Secondary School. Usually, students from ages 14 to 18 study in this section.These schools may be affiliated to national boards like Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) or National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) or various state boards. There were only 20 universities and 500 colleges in the Indian subcontinent (including Bangladesh and Pakistan) in 1947, the year of Indian independence. Now there are about 376 universities and 17,700 colleges in India only, many with world class physical infrastructure. Many private research institutes are also coming up on a regular basis.The only Nobel prize for India (Indian citizen at the time of the award) in science for C. V. Raman (1930, University of Calcutta) also came in that era. We also had many world class scientists during that time (e. g Satyen Bose, J. C. Bose, Homi Bhaba etc). Now India is the second fastest growing in the world and third largest economy in Asia with huge budget in so-called education and research. But we do not have any world class scientist (who has a slightest chance to get Nobel Prize in science) in India or abroad (as per a survey published in a reputed Bengali magazine, â€Å"Desh†, sometime ago).We see huge uproar when previous government wanted to â€Å"introduce accountability† in some elite institutes like IIM or IITs but we never see a fraction of that excitement among educated middle class people or our political masters to reform primary and secondary educa tion although our primary and secondary education system, the backbone of our country, is in a pathetic shape. Our middle class people, who can not afford to send their kids abroad but dream to have a better, more powerful and comfortable life for their kids do not allow any meaningful reform of primary and secondary education since independence.Our current education system selectively discards talented students with inquisitiveness, ability to ask questions and dream to do something challenging, something better for the society. Now we only produce private tuition and coaching enabled, mugging-up grade technicians who are great to do routine jobs (as in IT or BT) or imitating others (mainly true for Indian R&D sector in any branch of science and in any industry), but not capable of doing original research, despite of having many world class physical infrastructure, huge budget and some so-called â€Å"elite† institutes.My recent experience with many graduate students for m some high profile Indian institutes/universities indicate that the trend to emphasize on database type knowledge, quiz type information and fascination with techniques (not science as such) are still highly prevalent. No wonder India is among the least innovative nations in the world. Quality of Indian science education and research is going down at an alarming rate since independence, despite of huge increase in funding (1, 2, 3 and Balaram, P. (2002).Science in India: Signs of Stagnation. Current Science 82, 193-194. ). We need to invest much more and have an intensive and proper supervision of primary and high school education than wrongly focusing on higher education and research at the top level, at this time. Recently passed Right to education bill is a step towards the right direction. But here again we need to remember that many such great policies hardly achieve anything in reality and only limited within government files and the money ends up in the pockets of few select ed people.Whatever money we spend on higher education and research is not going to give us any novel knowledge or technological edge unless we have right candidate behind the costly machines we buy. Now we produce mainly technicians, not scientists or technocrats and feel proud to export such raw materials to manpower-starved developed countries ( be it IT or BT, the two main pillars of Indian economy today). This might lead to some degree of prosperity in the short term but we are going to loose in a big way in the long run unless we totally overhaul our basic education system at primary and high school level.It’s useless to cut the roots and then water on the top. S C H E M E S  Ã‚   A N D  Ã‚   P   R O G R A M M E S The development of Secondary Education sector is also guided by the following Centrally Sponsored Schemes: 1. Integrated Education for Disabled Children 2. Improvement of Science Education in Schools 3. Promotion of Yoga in Schools 4. Strengthening Boardi ng and Hostel Facilities for Girls 5. Environmental orientation to School Education. 6. National Population Education Project. 7. National Awards for Teachers.A brief description of each of these Schemes is given below. Vocationalisation of Secondary Education A Central Institution of Vocational Education named â€Å"Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education (PSSCIVE)† was set up at Bhopal in 1993 under the overall umbrella of NCERT. The Institute acts as an apex level research and development organisation in the field of vocational education and provides directs and academic support to the programmes. Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC)Under the scheme, financial assistance is provided for education of disabled children which includes assistance towards books and stationery, uniforms, transport allowance, readers allowance for blind children, escort allowance for severely handicapped children, boarding and lodging charges for disabled ch ildren residing in hostels, salary of resource teachers and helpers, setting up and equipping resource rooms, survey and assessment of disabled children, purchase and production of instructional material, training and orientation of resource teachers, funds for making modifications in school buildings and salary of an administrative Cell at the State level to implement and monitor the programme. According to the last survey conducted by the NSSO in 1991, the population of disabled children was estimated at 16. 15 million which is currently estimated to have gone up to 20 million. Under the Persons with Disabilities Act it has become mandatory for the Central/State/local governments to provide basic education to children with disabilities up to 18 years of age.The Act also calls for a series of activities to promote the education of such persons and mainstream them in general school system. Based on the provisions of the Act and experiences in recent years it is proposed to revise th e existing IEDC for which a group has been set up. Improvement of Science Education in Schools With a view to identifying a nurturing talent in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry at school level, the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), Internal Physics Olympiad (IPhO) and International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) is held every year. India has been participating in these Olympiads since 1989, 1998 and 1999 respectively.Each participating country is required to send a team comprising not more than 6 secondary student contestants to IMO, 5 secondary student contestants at IPhO and 4 contestant students to IChO apart from a leader and deputy team leader. Environmental Orientation to School Education The National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986, provides that the protection environment is a value. The Scheme was initiated in 1988-89. The Scheme envisages assistance to voluntary agencies. The voluntary agencies are assisted for conduct of experimental innovative programmes aimed at p romoting integration of education programmes in schools with local environmental conditions.Three Resource Centres namely (i) Uttra Khand Seva Nidhi, Almora (ii) CPR Environmental Education Centre, Chennai and (iii) Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad have been designated as nodal agencies for mobilisation, involvement and provision of financial support to NGOs/voluntary organisation in their respective regions for conducting innovative and experimental programmes in the field of Environmental Orientation to School Education. N A T I O N A   L  Ã‚   P O P U L A T   I O N   Ã‚   E D U C A T I O N  Ã‚   P R O J E C T National Population Education Project (School Education) was launched in April 1980 with a view to institutionalise population education in the school education system. The objectives of the project are: i.Introduction of Adolescence Education (with major components like process of growing up, HIV/AIDS Education, Drug Abuse in Schools and Teachers Educat ion); and ii. Re-orientation, updating and improvement of the elements of Population Education in the light of Programme of Action adopted by the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), held in Cairo in 1984. N A T I O N A L  Ã‚   A W A R D S  Ã‚   T O  Ã‚   T E A C H E R S These were instituted in 1958. There are 302 awards out of which 20 awards are reserved exclusively for teachers of Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic teaching in traditional institutions. In order to be eligible the teacher should have put in 15 years of continuous service on the date of consideration of his claim by the State level Selection Committee.

“Othello: The Moor of Venice” by William Shakespeare Essay

William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello: The Moor of Venice,† is full of deception, jealousy, and guilt. The title character, Othello, newly married to Desdemona and respected despite his differences for his strength of character and his valiant efforts on behalf of the Venetian state. Othello’s character changes drastically when his servant Iago, fueled by hatred for Othello, manipulates Othello’s thoughts to create the impression that Desdemona is unfaithful with friend and fellow soldier Michael Cassio. Othello’s actions become defined by his jealousy, which contrasts so notably from the Othello presented at the beginning of the play, that the jealousy becomes a character in itself. When the play begins, the reader is introduced to Iago and Roderigo, who knowing of Othello’s nuptials to Desdemona attempt to sabotage the romance by appealing to her father. Iago’s hatred of his master is first introduced; it will be the driving force behind the events of the demise of Othello and Desdemona. The reason for Iago’s hatred is difficult to pinpoint, though in the first act he implies that Othello’s having passed him over for lieutenantship. However, his case against Othello appears to be due to a deeper hatred so much so that he manipulates everyone around him to bring about the downfall of his master. In this first scene, Iago and Roderigo’s speech is peppered with derogatory references to Othello’s racial difference. In this first section, he is not called â€Å"Othello† but rather â€Å"the Moor† (I. i. 57), â€Å"the thick-lips† (I. i. 66), â€Å"an old black ram† (I. i. 88), and â€Å"a Barbary horse† (I. i. 113). At later points throughout the play, Iago makes again makes reference to Othello’s race, implying an animalistic nature and that Desdemona’s attraction to him is a novelty fueled by lust rather than mutual love and understanding, â€Å"Her eye must be fed, and what delight shall she have to look on the devil? When the blood is made dull with the act of sport, there should be a game to inflame it and to give satiety a fresh appetite, loveliness in favor, sympathy in years, manners and beauties. All which the Moor is defective in (II. i. 204). Despite Othello’s status as a general his race, his difference from the white Venetians with whom he works, is a matter of disdain for Iago and something his virtues are constantly trying to overshadow. Othello is everything he is in spite of his race, and perhaps Iago’s jealousy of Othello’s ability to overcome his difference is enough to his hatred of the Moor. Iago recognizes that his best tool against Othello is the love and trust Othello has in Desdemona. He manipulates in such as way as to ingratiate himself even further to Othello as his plan requires his close oversight and well placed lies, â€Å"Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward me/ For making him egregiously an ass/ And practicing upon his peace and quiet/ Even to madness (II. i. 235). † Once the idea of distrust is in Othello’s mind, his jealousy begins to emerge more clearly as a singular character than Othello himself had. In the beginning of the play, while other characters such as Iago characters and motives were being built through dialogue and monologues, Othello’s character is built in the reader’s mind by the impressions, which the other characters have of him. He is simply spoken and humble almost to a point of subservience. His love for Desdemona is a matter of like wills coming together. Despite Iago’s assertions to Othello’s animal nature (apparently owing only to his darker skin), Othello is the most restrained of all the characters. However, as the seeds of Iago’s manipulation are planted and harvested the change in Othello is startling. Though a soldier of note, Othello never exhibits any notion of violence until his jealousy takes over his reason. Iago realizes this and is able to manipulate not only his words and imply the worst to Othello but also the actions of others. His exchange with Cassio while Othello hides in the enclave is possibly the best example of his manipulation and the extent to which doubt and jealousy have overtaken Othello’s character. Cassio, speaking of the woman Bianca who has strong affections for him, shows all the characteristics of a man speaking to a woman. Othello, whose beliefs are led the whole way by Iago’s seeds of doubt, automatically assigns the role of woman to Desdemona. When Cassio laughs in disdain over Iago’s question of whether Cassio has affections for Bianca other than physical, Othello interprets the laughter as directed at him, â€Å"So, so, so, so! They laugh that win! (IV. i. 110). † Iago’s manipulation is so complete that Othello resolves to settle the perceived betrayal through murdering Desdemona and having someone else take care of Cassio, â€Å"Ay, let her rot and perish and be damned tonight, for she shall not live. No, my heart is turned to stone† (IV. i. 140). It is a show of Iago’s power over Othello that not only does he lead Othello to this conclusion but also tells how Othello should murder Desdemona, â€Å"Do it not with poison. Strangle her in her bed, even the bed she hath contaminated† (IV. i. 159). This scene is illustrative of the power which jealousy now has over Othello; his motives and reasoning are now presented to the reader through Othello’s own words and actions. His jealousy becomes the character, not Othello the man. He begins to see his love for Desdemona as the destructor, never suspecting Iago’s manipulations until it is too late, â€Å"It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul. Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars,/ It is the cause† (V. ii. 1-3). Despite Desdemona’s protests, the jealousy has taken such a deep root into his mind that even her pleas and explanations do not touch cause him to waiver in his desire to kill her. When he finds out that Iago masterminded the entire saga and that he had killed Desdemona in vain we see the return of his gentleness, though not his calm. The jealousy created madness in Othello; this madness, though the jealousy is shown to be unfounded, unsettles Othello’s character. When he kills himself, Othello is still no longer his old self, though also no longer a jealous man. He is merely a broken man, Iago though caught accomplished his wish to destroy the Moor. Once jealousy takes root in Othello’s mind it begins to alter his character in such a way that the Othello of the beginning of the play and the Othello at the end are almost opposites. As this jealousy is increasingly agitated by Iago’s unfolding drama the reader and, I daresay the other characters who hold Othello so close to their affections, lose more and more the man whose loyalty and strength of mind and body overcame any objections to his differences. While the rest of the characters remain unwavering in their defining features, Othello is like three characters in one. First, there is the Othello who is the strong and steadfast servant of Venice who is a celebrated and trusted general, whose love for Desdemona is unquestioned even by the heads of state. Second, there is Othello enraged and broken by falsely based jealousies. Finally, even as knowing of her innocence restores his faith and love in Desdemona, his guilt causes a third incarnation of the man and character.

Benefits of studying abroad

Studying abroad is one of the best experiences a student can have in the course of learning. Students who go through such an experience have been at advantaged position as they have been able to sample a different culture from their own. Studying abroad involves going beyond the border mostly to a foreign country. Students moves to a new environment which might be totally different from what he or she is used to. At times the students may be introduced a new system.The reasons as to why people go to study abroad are as varied as the number of students who go through such an exciting experience. (Cressy, W 2004) Studying abroad usually prepares the students to work and live in a multicultural setting where they interact and learn about the other cultures. It encourages students to have academic discipline as they learn to reason in a totally or slightly different system. Through such an experience students are taught to be independent where they get to do things on their own sometimes in environment which encourage tolerance and accommodation.Through such an exposure the students learn to respect other people’s ways of life despite the differences. This enhances their prospects for the future jobs especially those which are international in nature. (Cressy, W 2004) Studying in a foreign country affords the students many rare chances, these includes learning a new language and an opportunity to experience different cultures, history and environment. It accords the students an opportunity to witness some of the things learnt in text books firsthand.In the modern world employers are seeking skills which have been polished through overseas engagement. A student who has studied in a foreign country will be in a better position to secure employment as he or she will be bringing a new experience to an organization. Studying abroad is a very special opportunity which helps the students to develop certain skills, adaptability and confidence. It is an adventure tha t moulds the students into individual who can fit in different cultures around the world. Reference Cressy, W (2004) A guide to Studying Abroad, Princeton Review

10 Informative Essay Topics on Strategic Marketing Management

10 Informative Essay Topics on Strategic Marketing Management If you are tasked with writing an informative essay on strategic marketing management, then your first step is to select a topic; but you also have to find supportive facts to use with it. This step is not always easy which is why below you will find a list of ten facts on strategic marketing management that you can use for your informative essay: Making a strategy work effectively means more than just planning. Most of the problem with bad performance and failure to meet planned goals lies in the actual act of doing. Strategies can be created endlessly, but the real trick is to effectively implement them, a burden which falls upon the shoulders of the managers. Making a strategy work means applying proper processes, decisions, and actions. There are skills and capabilities that managers can combine with knowledge in order to really execute good decision making. Almost all organizations are properly staffed by good managers and people. The managers are motivated and wish to perform well, but even the best of managers and employees can be hampered in their ability to be productive and succeed as a result of poor controls, poor company policies, poor incentives, poor organizational structure, or poor operating procedures. Without these items, even the best managers will fail at ensuring success for their constituents. Managers are responsible for understanding what makes key strategies work within the office. Having a great personality and leadership skills is not enough. Proper management relies upon more than just having the leadership skills necessary to convince employees to take charge and attempt the implementation of strategic plans within the company. The big picture is an important part of proper execution for strategic management which maintains a significant relationship among all key executive decision for companies. Leading a successful execution requires effective management and proper change. Change management issues related directly to power, resistance, and influence. The implementation of changes is not something that should be done quickly at once but rather something which is deliberate and should be completed in a sequential fashion. Many companies believe that speed is the most important component to changing structures within their company but speed can literally kill any potential changes a company is trying to implement. In order for companies to make proper mergers and acquisitions, strategies which fit the real world issues must be applied : the core of this management faces is the saying that failure is not an option. Many mergers and acquisitions have ideally suited strategies but failed in the implementation steps. Execution functions as a key to success, something which is not a simple task. Many companies have a distinct corporate culture and structure, or more specifically they have a specific way of doing things. When a company has to adapt to a new competitive environment it often faces major changes the implementation of which is difficult at best. Developing competitive strategies is not a simple task but the challenges which relate to the execution of the said strategy are significantly more complicated. Execution demands a disciplined process or a specific logical set of activities which an organization can incorporate in order to make sure the strategy is executed properly. If there is no planned approach to the execution then none of the strategic goals a company has in mind can be attained. What is more important is that even if a company has developed a logical approach, its execution does not guarantee success. Trouble might play any company division and without proper support and logical plans it can be challenging to implement new strategies. Planning is imperative to any change management within a company structure but focusing on making strategy work through proper execution is the best way to guarantee success. The part of the reason that many companies focus so heavily on the planning aspects of all management without putting the same if not more focus on the implementation and proper execution of said plans is because managers are not taught to assume that role and its responsibilities. Instead managers learn not how to execute but how to plan. In many higher level masters programs for business a great deal of students’ focus remains on strategy formulation as well as functional planning. There are courses offered for marketing strategies, financial strategies, and competitive strategies but no courses focus on their execution. As a result the conceptual work on planning is something properly developed in school but the execution of that plan is not. Once managers attainworkplace positions they are well prepar ed for strategy and planning but they are not prepared for execution. This lack of attention on execution results in mistakes and frustrations and even company failures. In addition to not learning how to properly execute a plan many managers believe that the execution or implementation of a strategy is something below them, something which is best left to those employees who have lower ranking than they. Many do not want to involve themselves in the actual implementation or execution and instead view their job as only the creator of strategy. Top level management worries about strategy formulation and the development of a good plan but then they turn the management of that plan over two people below them, never actually integrating themselves in the proper execution process. It is believed by the planners that what they create is something based on higher intellect and the people who just have to follow the orders of that plan and make it work are not necessarily as smart as they are. It is often incorrectly believed that the execution of a plan involves less intelligent and less ability than the actual planning. Make use of these facts because they are designed specially for you: you are able to enrich your paper with valuable info, so don’t miss that chance. Moreover, you have the opportunity to look at 20 topics on strategic marketing management and a sample essay that will help you to reach success with your paper. You may also go through our writing guide on informative essays or visit our custom essay writing service immediately. References Hrebiniak, Lawrence G.  Making Strategy Work. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Wharton School. Pub., 2005. Print. Moutinho, Luiz, and G Southern.  Strategic Marketing Management. Hampshire, U.K.: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010. Print. Sadler, Philip.  Strategic Management. Sterling, VA: Kogan Page, 2003. Print. Saloner, Garth, Andrea Shepard, and Joel M Podolny.  Strategic Management. New York: John Wiley, 2001. Print. Saloner, Garth, Andrea Shepard, and Joel M Podolny.  Strategic Management. New York: John Wiley, 2001. Print. Williams, Kevan.  Strategic Management. New York, N.Y: DK Pub., 2009. Print. Wilson, R. M. S, and Colin Gilligan.  Strategic Marketing Management. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005. Print.

buy custom Numbers of Employee Lawsuits essay

buy custom Numbers of Employee Lawsuits essay According to Gorski and Tataryn (2009) in the past 20 years the numbers of employee lawsuits have increased to 400%. There are 6.5 claims every 1,000 employees. This is a huge increase in 20 years and the reason for this increase is the increase in the complexity of the organization and the employees being indifferent to the employee handbook. It has been seen that most of these lawsuits were targeted against private employers. It has also been noticed that these private employers mostly had small and medium sized companies with 15-100 employees (Gorski Tataryn, 2009). There were many companies (23.9%) who had almost 500 employees and were not considered in the category of small and medium enterprise however, were also subjected to lawsuits. It has been noticed that wrongful termination lawsuits have gone up 250%. 7% of these cases come to the federal court while the rest go to the state court. Moreover, there has been a huge increase in the amount of settlement to. The average sett lement has gone up from $130,476 in 2001 to $310,845 (Gorski Tataryn, 2009). Below are some statistics regarding this issue; Compensatory Awards for Wrongful Termination (Percent of Total) Up to $9,999 5% $10,000 - $24,999 9% $25,000 - $99,999 23% $100,000 - $249,999 24% $250,000 - $499,999 23% $500,000 and Greater 11% Below are losses as per the type of claim Work-Related Sexual Discrimination Including Sexual Harassment Midpoint Verdict $59,835 Probability Range $67,000 - $200,000 Verdict Range $1 - $15,000,000 Average Verdict $501,622 Age Discrimination Midpoint Verdict $145,620 Probability Range $62,000 - $250,000 Verdict Range $1,500 - $1,803,547 Average Verdict $358,956 Wrongful Termination - General Midpoint Verdict $100,000 Probability Range $30,300 - $304,934 Verdict Range $1 - $46,402,891 Average Verdict $532,016 Wrongful Termination Based on Age Discrimination Midpoint Verdict $200,000 Probability Range $62,000 - $250,000 Verdict Range $1,500 $1,500,000 Average Verdict $270,665 The huge numbers above reflects that a little negligence can cost a lot to the organization, the employer as well as the employee. Therefore, it is recommended that all employees read the employee handbook clearly and make sure that they understand everything in it. Not only it will help them avoid any lawsuits, it will also be beneficial for their organization. An organization is like a family where all people work together towards achieving the same target. Therefore, having better and effective communication through this handbook can help both the employer and the employee have a clear and understanding relationship. Buy custom Numbers of Employee Lawsuits essay

role of witches in macbeth essays

role of witches in macbeth essays Origins, Interpretation, and Roles of the Weird Sisters in Macbeth Often the role of the Weird Sisters in Shakespeare's Macbeth is overlooked by Shakespearean scholars. Macbeth is obviously a violent play about the downfall of man. However, its connections to the world of the supernatural are often disregarded. It is the only Shakespearean drama, in which witchcraft, black magic, and the supernatural do not merely play an important part, but provide the vital pivot on which the entire play depends. Furthermore, the complicity of the Weird Sisters is intriguing as many diverse interpretations exist concerning the origins and the role of these essential characters in Macbeth. The belief in the existence and power of witches was widely accepted in Shakespeare's day, as demonstrated by the European witch craze during which an estimated nine million women were put to death for being perceived to be witches (Ellwood NP). The credence in such an illogical belief was due to society's inability to explain tragedies (i.e. illness, death, natural disasters) because of a lack of technology and knowledge that existed. It was much easier and comforting for people to blame something on a person who seemed a little out of the ordinary than to try to understand a deep scientific explanation. The practice of witchcraft was seen to subvert the established order of religion and society and hence was not tolerated. Witch hunting was considered to be a respectable, moral, and highly intellectual pursuit through much of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries (Riedel NP). The conception of witchcraft can be divided into two discourses - "elite" and "popular" traditions. The elite tradition (also known as a "scholarly-clerical" tradition) was based upon both Church teachings and the speculations of scholarly men and was dispersed in written form. Witches were seen as a threat to the authority of both King and God. Elitists either expla...

Steroids Essays - Exercise Physiology, Doping In Sport, Bodybuilding

Steroids Essays - Exercise Physiology, Doping In Sport, Bodybuilding Steroids Ever since their introduction into sports in the later 1950's the use of anabolic steroids has been a controversial issue. Much debate has arisen dealing with whether steroids should be allowed for performance enhancement. If you're not familiar with them, The 1994 Merrian-Webster Dictionary defines an anabolic steroid as, "any of a group of synthetic hormones sometimes taken by athletes in training to increase temporarily the size of their muscles." However, it's not just the athletes preparing for rigorous competition that have been using these drugs. Business Weekly told of a study performed by the University of Illinois School of Public Health in which the results were shocking. According to Paul Goldstein, the chief investigator, individuals from all walks of life have admitted to the use of steroids. He states,"We're finding firemen, students, lawyers, teachers- people from all economic classesmost of them taking the drugs for cosmetic reasons" (177) All of these individuals had admitted to use because of the positive effects the steroids provide for their appearance. Along with these positive effects also come the negative ones. Symptoms such as acne, psychotic states, paranoia, headaches, high blood pressure, heart failure, strokes, and liver and kidney damage with quite a lengthy list of other harmful side effects related to extensive use. According to Dr. Robert Vow in his book Drugs, Sports, and Poli! tics, along with trying to keep competitions fair and equal for all who entered, these were the main reason that anabolics have been banned from sports since the 1976 Olympic games. Since these early years, not much has been heard about the use of steroids. True, occasional incidents remind us they are still around . For instance, when Ben Johnson was stripped of his gold medial in the 1988 Seoul Olympics and Lyle Alzado's death in 1992. For the most part though things seemed to have quieted down. This is speculated to be from the growing efforts to educate athletes and individuals on the extreme dangers associated with these steroids. Along with this education, one can not escape hearing the horror stories about what these drugs have already done to others and what it will do to them after prolonged use. With such an impressively long list of harmful side effects associated with steroid use, one could be certain that individuals would shy away from them. After all, the original purpose is to enhance their physical stature, not risk damaging it. We'd like to think that due to the strict regulation on today's athletes in competition, it would cause them to think twice before using steroids. Another possible reason for the declining use is that they're nearly impossible to get since they were barred from non-medical distribution back in 1991. These are definitely good points and one could easily be persuaded that such is the case . However, not everyone shares the same point of view. The other school of thought is that steroid use and abuse is just as wide spread today as ever, if not even more rampant. Athletes' feeling are that the gains far outweigh the risks even if they are just temporary enhancements. There are only a dozen or so reported fatalities dealing with steroid use, therefore individuals consider their odds to be pretty good. As far as regulation is concerned, as long as there have been steroids, there have been ways around the detection testing in an athlete's system. Another theory plays on the fact that it's not only the elite athletes using them. Teenagers and kids using them for appearance are becoming an increased percentage of users. This can be traced to images of large Herculean type men portrayed in all forms of media today. Arnold Schwarzenegger is a prime example sine he has admitted to the use of anabolic steroids. Kids are inspired by him and several other athletes and movie stars who they admire and want to emulate. Getting these anabolics may not be hard as one thinks. Just like any illegal substance, there are ways to obtain steroids for private use. Many think that there are enough smuggled into the U.S. from Mexico, Canada, and several eastern European to keep the current black market a thriving business. Are anabolic steroids still prevalent in the world of athletics

Learn About the Distant Dwarf Planet Pluto

Learn About the Distant Dwarf Planet Pluto Of all the planets in the solar system, the tiny dwarf planet Pluto captures peoples attention like no other. For one thing, it was discovered in 1930 by astronomer Clyde Tombaugh. Most planets most planets were found much earlier. For another, its so distant no one knew much about it. That was true until 2015 when the New Horizons spacecraft flew by and gave gorgeous close-up images of it. However, the biggest reason Pluto is on peoples minds is for a much simpler reason: in 2006, a small group of astronomers (most of them not planetary scientists), decided to demote Pluto from being a planet. That started a huge controversy that continues to this day.   Pluto from Earth Pluto is so far away that we cant see it with the naked eye. Most desktop planetarium programs and digital apps can show observers where Pluto is, but anyone wishing to see it needs a pretty good telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope, which orbits Earth, has been able to observe it, but the great distance didnt allow a highly detailed image.   Pluto lies in a region of the solar system called the Kuiper Belt. It contains more dwarf planets, plus a collection of cometary nuclei. Planetary astronomers sometimes refer to this area as the third regime of the solar system, more distant than the terrestrial and gas giant planets.   Pluto by the Numbers As a dwarf planet, Pluto is obviously a small world. It measures 7,232 km around at its equator, which makes it smaller than Mercury and the Jovian moon Ganymede. Its much larger than its companion world Charon, which is  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹3,792  km  around.   For a long time, people thought Pluto was an ice world, which makes sense since it orbits so far from the Sun in a realm where most gases freeze to ice. Studies made by the New Horizons craft show that there is indeed a lot of ice at Pluto. However, it turns out to much denser than expected, which means it has a rocky component far beneath the icy crust.   Distance lends Pluto a certain amount of mystery since we cant see any of its features from Earth. It lies an average of 6 billion kilometers from the Sun. In reality, Plutos orbit is very elliptical (egg-shaped) and so this little world can be anywhere from 4.4 billion km to just over 7.3 billion km, depending on where it is in its orbit. Since it lies so far away from the Sun, Pluto takes 248 Earth years to make one trip around the Sun.   Pluto on the Surface Once New Horizons got to Pluto, it found a world covered with nitrogen ice in some places, along with some water ice. Some of the surface appears very dark and reddish. This is due to an organic substance that is created when ices are bombarded by ultraviolet light from the Sun. Theres a great deal of fairly young ice deposited on the surface, which comes from inside the planet. Jagged mountain peaks made of water ice rise up above flat plains and some of those mountains are as high as the Rockies.   Pluto Under the Surface So, what causes ice to ooze up from underneath Plutos surface?  Planetary scientists have a good idea that theres something heating the planet deep within the core. This mechanism is what helps pave the surface with fresh ice, and shoves up the mountain ranges. One scientist described Pluto as a giant, cosmic lava lamp. Pluto Above the Surface Like most other planets (except Mercury) Pluto has an atmosphere. Its not a very thick one, but the New Horizons spacecraft could definitely detect it.  Mission data show that the atmosphere, which is mostly nitrogen, is replenished as nitrogen gas escapes from the planet. Theres also evidence that material escaping from Pluto manages to land on Charon and collect around its polar cap. Over time, that material is darkened by solar ultraviolet light, too.   Plutos Family Along with Charon, Pluto sports a retinue of tiny moons called Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Theyre oddly shaped and appear to be captured by Pluto after a gigantic collision in the distant past. In keeping with naming conventions used by astronomers, the moons are named from creatures associated with the god of the underworld, Pluto.  Styx is the river that dead souls  cross to get to Hades. Nix is the Greek goddess of darkness, while Hydra was a many-headed serpent. Kerberos is an alternate spelling for Cerberus, the so-called hound of Hades who guarded the gates to the underworld in mythology. Whats Next for Pluto Exploration? There are no further missions being built to go to Pluto. There are plans on the drawing board for one or more that could go out this distant outpost in the solar systems Kuiper Belt and possibly even land there.

Die or Dye - Commonly Confused Words

Die or Dye - Commonly Confused Words The words die and dye  are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Dye or Die? The noun die refers to a small cube used for games (plural, dice) or to a tool used for stamping or cutting objects (plural, dies). The verb die means to stop living, to stop functioning, to end. The past tense of die is died. Dying concerns the end of life. The noun dye refers to any substance used to give color to hair, a fabric, and so on  (plural, dyes). The verb dye means to apply dye or to color something. The past tense of dye is dyed. Dyeing concerns the application of a coloring agent. Examples The gambler picked up the die and threw a six.The coins were stamped with a die that produced a square or circular hollow.At the graveside Snowball  made a little speech, emphasizing the need for all animals to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be.(George Orwell, Animal Farm, 1945)He had  prayed that Rudy Mohn, whom he had purposely tripped so he cracked his head on their radiator, not die, and he had not died. But for all the blood, it was just a cut; Rudy came back the same day, wearing a bandage and repeating the same teasing words.(John Updike, Pigeon Feathers.  Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories.  Knopf, 1962)A yellow dye called gamboge is used to color the robes of Buddhist monks.Liz wanted to visit Chicago on St. Patricks Day to see them dye the river green.Besides human tormentors, Bessie  suffered from demons, imps, Evil Powers. She hid her eyeglasses in the night table and found them in a slipper. She placed  her bottle of hair dye in the medicine chest; da ys later she discovered it under the pillow.(Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Key. A Friend of Kafka. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1970) Idiom Alerts Die Is CastThe expression the die is cast means that a decision has been made or an action has been taken that cant be changed.Editing may be a form of revision, but it is revision made before  the die is cast- before the letter mailed, the poem published, or the final draft surrendered to the printer. Revision, in the sense in which I must now use the term, is a second look, literally a re-vision, an opportunity to recollect, observe and comment upon an enterprise once considered completed.(Frank Smith,  Writing and the Writer, 2nd ed.  Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994)Never Say DieThe proverb Never say die means never quit or give up.Luis attributes his never-say-die  attitude to his grandmother, who raised him by herself.Dyed-in-the-WoolThe idiom dyed-in-the-wool refers to something (such as a belief, attitude, or habit) thats strongly held, deeply ingrained, or firmly established.If youre a true environmentalist, a dyed-in-the-wool greenie, then why not pack up your leafy rural hom e and move to New York City- preferably to a tall building right in the middle of Manhattan? The Big Apple is home to the greenest citizens in the U.S.(The Global Warming Survival Guide. Time, March 30, 2007) Exercises With Die and Dye (a) Bessie had long since made peace  with death, but to _____  on the steps or in the streets was too harsh.(Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Key.  A Friend of Kafka. Farrar, Straus and  Giroux, 1970)(b) Marie liked to _____ her short hair with exotic colors.(c) At the request of the dying fortune-teller, Lydia placed the worn _____ in a small silver box. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) Bessie had long since made peace  with death, but to die on the steps or in the streets was too harsh.(b) Marie liked to dye her short hair with exotic colors.(c) At the request of the dying fortune-teller, Lydia placed the worn die in a small silver box.

QoS and network monitoring on Linksys consumer devices (Wireless Research Paper

QoS and network monitoring on Linksys consumer devices (Wireless Protocol 802.11e) - Research Paper Example Key words IEEE 802.11e, Diffserv IEEE 802.11, WLAN, Quality-of-Service (QoS) Introduction As technology advances, communication over a wireless network is becoming preferable over other forms of communication. The modern networks are designed in such a way that they support more sophisticated traffic as compared to traditional networks. The advanced features of modern networks enables various traffic such as web traffic, file sharing traffic, and email traffic (Evans & Filsfils, 2010). In recent time, sensitive traffic such as video and voice have been introduced to share common transmission medium. The use of this sensitive medium demands regulated and guaranteed services. Considering the above stated sensitive nature of the data being transmitted, the traffic on transit is susceptible to many communication obstacles. Among the obstacles the sensitive traffic being transmitted meet include Lack of bandwidth, Delay, Jitter, and Data loss. For better, Quality of service tools have bee n developed (Alvarez, 2006). This Quality of Service tools have been specifically designed to provide applications which enable consistent and guaranteed experience to the user. In broadband technology, IEEE 802.11 has become prevalent. This technology is often referred to as the wireless Ethernet basing on Medium Access protocol and the ability to provide transmission rates of up to 54 Mbps. To make the IEEE 802.11 more efficient, the technology has evolved to support quality of service. Consequently, there has been the emergence of the IEEE 802.11e. This research paper is aimed at discussing limitations of IEEE 802.11 standards, Quality of Service methodologies, IEEE 802.11e standards, and to expose existing weaknesses in the Quality of Services architectures. Overview of 802.11 WLANs and its QoS limitations Point coordination functions and distributed coordination functions are the major access functions of the IEEE 802.11 definitions of the MAC sub – layer. Basically, the access function of IEEE 802.11 is the distributed coordination function (DCF). During packet transmission using the IEEE 802.11 standards, the data is exposed to various vulnerabilities as discussed below. Delay (Latency) This is one of the characteristics of a wireless network that can be measured quantitatively. This is the measure of the time packets that are transmitted across a network form end – to – end. The units for measuring latency are fractions of seconds. Measurement of latency can be done either to a single source from a single source ( One-way) or round – trip, which involves measurement from the single source to the destination and back to the original source (Cisco, 2012). In cases where there is fast communication between the devices, the time taken for packet transmission is automatically very low, this is referred to as low latency. On the contrary, when the transmission of the packets takes significant amount of time to be transmitted, betw een the destination and the source, there is an indication that there is high latency on the network. Generally, the occurrence of latency depends on the location of the communicating computers and the available network infrastructure. Occurrence of delay is not point specific. It occurs at any point along the network. Thus delay is also referred to as end –

Direct and Internet Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Direct and Internet Marketing - Coursework Example The market target(s) must be identified, the objectives set, the communications strategy formulated, the program implemented and managed, and the results evaluated against performance expectations. We believe if LEXUS Company follow the strategies and try to overcome the mentioned inconsistencies by considering the recommendations, then their position in luxury business world will be more profitable and successful. Lexus has earned a deserving reputation for turning out utterly refined luxury vehicles. The hallmarks of this brand are a calm, well-crafted cabin, a plush ride and commendable performance from powerful, nearly silent engines. It was launched by Toyota in the fall of 1989; the Lexus line represents the company's effort to create a world-class luxury-car brand. Groundwork for the Lexus line was laid in the mid-'80s, when the company began tapping U.S. focus groups in an attempt to define design concepts best suited for American users. Hundreds of prototypes were built and tested on Germany's autobahn and on U.S. roads. In early 1989, Lexus unveiled its first two models-- the entry-level ES 250 and the flagship LS 400. By the early 1990s, the Lexus brand was expanded to other markets, including the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. In the years since its inception, the Lexus brand has distinguished itself time and again in quality and reliability surveys. The brand may not offer as much passion as its informal rivals, but for drivers interested in vehicles that emphasize quality, dependability and consolation, the Lexus Marque can't be beat.1 1-2: Problem Statement: 1. In regards to LEXUS, we have to undertake a critical assessment of the Direct Marketing Strategy. 2. We have to assess and make personal judgment on that official plan. 3. We have to give emphasize on budgeting, timing, and research process. CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DESIGN 2-1: Methodology: Direct marketing is a sub-discipline of marketing focused on driving purchases that can be attributed to a specific "call-to-action". Direct marketing is different from other marketing efforts by its response in the industry regardless of medium. The term is believed to have been first used in 1961 in a speech by Lester Wunderman, who pioneered direct

Questions&Answers. Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions&Answers. Business ethics - Essay Example The author claims that a worker that constantly follows some strict working conditions without any opportunity to express one’s personality and bring it into the product feels like the life has no meaning (2008). The reason is that people need to bring some part of them into the product they make, so they want to use their potential as much as possible. Thus, modern companies often don’t need the workers that want to express themselves, that are active, enterprising, and initiative, because such people can bring problems into the process of production that requires precise instructions followed and maximum of obedience. Although, it is impossible to say that production doesn’t work for people because for many workers their jobs actually help them to express their personalities and apply their skills. 2. In order to justify the production that destroys both personality and human value enterprisers have to change their approach to both their workers and the people who are supposed to use their production. The fact that enterprisers treat their workers as tools of production is the typical tendency in modern capitalistic world. During the process of production, where a worker can’t express one’s personality and use one’s talents, the worker is being assaulted by the process of manufacturing itself and becomes alienated from both the work one does and his life itself where it is impossible for him to get self-assurance. Another aspect of production that destroys human value is actually the results of production and producers’ treatment of those who will buy the product. Buyers are considered to be the objects where enterprisers get their money from. Thus, the only thing enterprisers are concerned about is in what way they can lure their buyers but not how can they please their customers as personalities and equal human beings. In order to justify production and avoid such humiliating

English Language and Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English Language and Literature - Essay Example Street after street, and all the folks asleep - street after street, all lighted up as if for a procession, and all as empty as a church - till at last I got into that state of mind when a man listens and listens and begins to long for the sight of a policeman. All at once, I saw two figures: one a little man who was stumping along eastward at a good walk, and the other a girl of maybe eight or ten who was running as hard as she was able down a cross-street. Well, sir, the two ran into one another naturally enough at the corner; and then came the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled calmly over the child's body and left her screaming on the ground." (http://www.bibliomania.com/0/0/46/86/frameset.html) Here, it should be noticed that the description of the actual incident and more so the prelude to in the manner of portraying the nature of the local environment at that point of time evokes a sense of mystery itself but the writer predominantly made it a point to turn this apparently narration into a supernatural element. This specific element is the peripheral outlook of the whole novel and it zeros in on the point where the basic perception of the reader is focused on the achieving additional impulse from the novel that is at the same time uncanny and supernatural. (Sen, 57) This piece of text has tried its best at exploring the secrets of the soul and it is for this matter that the story becomes a bit mysterious right from its onset. The elements represented in the text like drinking chemicals in order to isolate his own self into the form of a human evil as well as doing that fair bit in disclosing his own liking for the secret tenet hidden within him are some of the secret and unexplored areas present in the story and on a particular note, within Dr. Jekyll's role. These bring to light the dark and hidden forces that are present within his personality and for a reader it does not act as anything short of a supernatural and mysterious character that will soon come out and haunt one and all. The science fiction story brings to life a certain cross section of our society which likes to break new grounds as well as find out what is undiscovered to date. It attempts at discerning what is next to impossible or for that matter close to calling it as the unexpected marvel. This points out the treacherous mystery of emotions and as such pinpoints the loom that is so very evident at the end of the saga. The linkage between thought and rational realism is not present as the mind envisions a distinctive set of juices which encompass random gestures, beliefs and ethical insights. During this while, the story unfolds itself to become into a piece of drama, one that starts to shape up as a haunted area, pretty much undiscovered and

Reflective piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflective piece - Essay Example With the majority of the provision placed on the desire to offer a level of language learning to match the needed standard, the grades of a student are elevated to deliver success. These have been the principles that have inspired my learning abilities as I chose to join the university. English language has been the mostly applied international language in understanding given information and completing successful course selection. I have always wanted to become a professional writer and an advanced analyst of given compositions that are based on the English language (Chan and Lutovich 28). With the Expository writing course, the advancement of these needed traits has been harbored to boost my morale and the attributes needed to deliver success. I had joined the university with the motive to advance both my English language and become successful in the course that I had needed to complete to becoming an advanced graduate. When I initially took the writing course at the commencement of the semester, I held the idea that the language learning would be an easy task, but the process proved cumbersome and difficult. However, with more exercises and tasks to be completed, I have advanced in my writing and thinking abilities to become better at the English language (Bullock, Goggin, and Weinberg 18). Although there is difficulty in mastering writing and comprehension ability, the course has proved to be the ideal tool in developing the language attributes. The expository writing course had presented the challenge to present mastery on six leading areas in language mastery. The leading attribute that I had managed to acquire was in the article comprehension and writing. With the input in the articles that I had managed to write, I learnt the importance of presenting my ideas in an organized manner. The introductory paragraph had been the most challenging with difficulty presented in the research

GREAT EVENTS IN HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GREAT EVENTS IN HISTORY - Essay Example My beliefs on matters of justice and injustice I developed a belief that the world is still divided on issues to do with religion on matters relating to justice and injustice. As a female Muslim student, studying in a Christian dominated country, I have severally passed through thorough scrutiny, as compared to the rest of my American counterparts, when it comes to security checks when I visit some shopping malls in the city. I realized that some people relate Islam to terror and violence, thus, treating Muslims with utmost keenness. It made me develop a belief that the world is not fair to Muslims on issues relating to segregation based on terrorism and violence. I feel that the world treats Islamic religion unfairly because not all Muslims are terrorists. There is injustice in the treatment of Muslims by Christians in other countries that are not Islam dominated. This leads to isolation as a course of the discrimination. Whenever such happens to me, I feel it is a religious injusti ce and maybe even racial because, it is easy to recognize a Muslim who is of Arabic descent, as I am, from other Muslims in the USA. Matters of justice and injustice The death penalty It is an injustice to deny someone the right to live simply because of committing a capital crime; this is from my school of thought as an individual. The Sharia law advocates for death as a punishment to a heinous crime committers, Islam as a religion does support it basing on Sharia laws. The punishment for a crime like murder in Saudi Arabia is death by beheading in public; therefore, I believe that the death penalty is an injustice since it goes against everyone’s right to life, despite the mistake he or she has done. This is because, the penalty deprives the victims a chance to learn from the previous crimes they committed, so to me it serves no meaning at all. My religion, Islam, condones death penalty for various crimes committed, but, as an individual, I totally disagree with the stand. In Saudi Arabia, which is my country, death penalty, also called capital punishment, bases on Islamic Sharia law and has a wide range of crimes. The offences leading to its use vary from rape, murder, armed robbery, adultery and purported witchcraft. I do not support any of these crimes but I feel it is not right for a human being to lose a life for having committed any of these crimes. Criminals can undergo punishment in various ways apart from facing the death penalty in various ways. I strongly disagree with the Sharia law for necessitating capital punishment as a punishment for a capital crime. Many countries across the world do not subscribe to the use of capital punishment/death penalty as a means of punishing criminals. This is because; it is an injustice to humanity and a deprivation of an individual’s right to life. Gay rights Secondly, the issuance of gay rights is an injustice to the moral virtues and a defilement of my beliefs as a Muslim. I do not subscribe to ho mosexuality, lesbianism or bisexuality because, all this go against the teachings of the Quran. The Quran prohibits homosexuality because it goes against the natural order, ruins marriages, and makes individuals disregard God in other spheres of life (Stein & Marc 57). I think gays should not have the right to practice this dirty act anywhere in the world. As a Muslim, I feel like it is absolute immorality and going against the societal values and expectations. Gay

English Literature Lesson 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Literature Lesson 5 - Essay Example hen this culture is overtaken by a stronger or more dominant one while one of the worst, again in my opinion, is Kafka’s â€Å"Letter to His Father.† It is true that Nervous Conditions seems to be written by an immature writer unsure of just what she is trying to say, but this does not automatically disqualify it as having no literary merit. As the story of Tambu is related, the author allows the audience to relax into the character, get to know her from the inside out and to see the world through her eyes. This vision is limited and is presented as such in the novel, which some might view as a weakness, but I view as a strength. By presenting the world through the eyes of a young girl living through the experiences of a third world culture trying to assimilate itself into what they perceive as a more sophisticated and desirable culture, the surprises and observations she makes are very enlightening. The way in which the modern culture affects her family and her life is also illuminating whether one has actually grown up within the modern culture or is experiencing it for the first time. The insights offered, whether intentional or not, into the gender and cultural divide presented fill this novel with a great deal to think about and general issues that affect a great number of people regardless of their upbringing, social condition or experience. By contrast, I felt Kafka’s letter to his father was a work of considerably less quality because of its reduction in universal experience and sometimes confusing use of rhetoric. It is hard to blame Kafka for this failing as he wasn’t necessarily writing for the public but was instead making a bid for his father’s approval and understanding. The ideas contained within this work were not as accessible to the general public, some needing a bit of background information on the author in order to understand, and these ideas were continually being apologized for, which detracted from the piece to a great degree

Representing the Profession in the Community Assignment

Representing the Profession in the Community - Assignment Example One may visit a doctor but never have sufficient time off the busy doctor’s schedule to get some crucial information. It is here that these nurses come in to save the day by offering information at no charge. These patients tend to want more time in explanation as some of their understanding may reduce and requires a lot of explaining. In this role, they act as teachers who nurse stress-preventive care to encourage patients to pursue healthier lifestyles. The real impact in this comes where the life expectancy goes higher (Salkind, 2006). Families will have each other longer in their lives with their loved ones. Nurses have the role of ensuring what the government promised is actualized, health care for all. It is their ethical accountability to make sure that everyone is taken care of where remunerations may available (Delehanty & Ginzler, 2006). Therefore, support of the introduction of a legislative agenda that would ease this situation would create more jobs. The agenda could probably see a certain nurse assigned to several patients above the age of 50. They would probably be located in a certain health facility and could visit their patients in their homes and only bring them to the health facility only when utterly important. This would assist in quick patient record retrieval given that the nursing individual would be privy to all the ailments encountered under their service. The legislative agenda would be required to see through more funding to reduce the involved constraints. This could also eventually be replicated to the entire family. Continuity in care would be easy to impleme nt. Under the role of improving healthcare in America, the nursing culture not only address the psychological needs but also the physical needs, spiritual needs where necessary are also bestowed on these nurses to offer hope, it’s a role in its making. They are included in the larger context which is important

Segmentation in the Holiday Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Segmentation in the Holiday Market - Essay Example illustrate the importance of market segmentation in holiday market, this paper will cite examples on how different companies segment their market through different methods and offer a specialized product for each segment. An empirical example of this is Tourism Victoria which aims to market Victoria to international travelers. In order to properly address the needs of its differing market and deliver maximum customer value to each customer, it has used market segmentation. The whole market of Tourism Victoria ranges from local Australian residents to international travelers. However, to identify the most lucrative groups and sub-groups in the market it had to classify customers into different sub-groups according to their unique characteristics and target only those profitable niches. Afterwards, the company was able to come up with three major target market segments. Methods of Market Segmentation In its market segmentation process, the company utilized three market segmentation techniques-Roy Morgan Value Segments, MOSAIC, and life cycle. Roy Morgan Value Segments Roy Morgan Value Segments is developed by Colin Benjamin in partnership with Roy Morgan Research Center. This technique is a proprietary methodology which divides the holiday market in terms of customer preferences, needs and motivations. This methodology largely relies in the employment of psychographic data which supplies information on the "deeper drivers of choice" through an evaluation of behaviors in addition to demographics data such as age, income, etc (Domestic Market Segmentation 3). The rationale of using Roy Morgan Value segments is for the company to "distinguish the market segment with highest yield potential and identify their value needs (Domestic Market Segmentation 4)." The wide... This paper stresses that the holiday market is comprised of vast and diverse consumer groups. To further illustrate the importance of market segmentation in holiday market, this paper will cite examples on how different companies segment their market through different methods and offer a specialized product for each segment. The author talks tyhat the whole market of Tourism Victoria ranges from local Australian residents to international travelers. However, to identify the most lucrative groups and sub-groups in the market it had to classify customers into different sub-groups according to their unique characteristics and target only those profitable niches. Afterwards, the company was able to come up with three major target market segments. The use of relevant marketing models in ensuring an efficient marketing plan for the company is practiced by almost all companies worldwide. These marketing models become an effective tool in diagnosing the marketing needs of a firm at the same time that they also convey the marketing needs of a particular product or product line. This report makes a conclusion that an effective marketing strategy is often the key to the profitability and marketability of a product. In this past faced world, the key is in knowing your customers and efficiently serving them according to their needs. An analysis of the consumers’ lifestyle, attitude, preference, and behavior is very essential in crafting an effective marketing strategy not just in the holiday market but in other industries. Likewise, it is also important to consider the life cycle of a product in making right marketing mix.